endocrine system

Organs of the endocrine system

Pineal

Hypothalamus

Pituitary

Parathyroid’s

Thyroid

Thymus

Adrenals

Pancreas

Ovaries

Testes

What does endocrine system use

Hormones and distributes them via bloodstream

How does the endocrine system work?

Responds SLOWLY and adapts SLOWLY

What is a characteristic of endocrine glands?

They exert a long-lasting effect

What does the pituitary in conjunction with the hypothalamus do?

Exerts more influence on body processes than any other endocrine gland

What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary?

TSH

Prolactin

ACTH

LH

GH

What are the hormones released by the hypothalamus?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Prolactin-releasing hormone

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone

Growth hormone-releasing hormone

A key difference between the anterior and posterior pituitary is that the posterior pituitary what?

Stores hormones released from the hypothalamus

Mineralocorticosteroids

Aldosterone

-promotes Na+ and K+ excretion, results in water retention

Glucocorticoids

Cortisol

-helps body respond to stress; anti-inflammatory

Sex steroids

Sex steroids

-include weak form of androgen; small amounts estrogen

Adrenal medulla

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenal cortex

Aldosterone

Cortisol

Adrenal androgens

Adrenal estrogen

Hormone classification

Steroid: synthesized from cholesterol

Non-steroid: protein based, amino acids

What endocrine gland has a role in the immune system?

Thymus

Alpha cells

Secrete glucagon

Beta cells

Secrete insulin

Delta cells

Secrete somatostatin

Glucagon

Acts on liver to stimulate breakdown of stored glucose

Insulin

Acts as on most tissue to stimulate movement of glucose from blood into cells

Somatostatin

Acts on pancreatic cells to regulate other pancreatic hormone

Testes

Secrete testosterone

Ovaries

Secrete estrogen

The chief role of insulin is to

Stimulate cells to take up glucose

Posterior pituitary

Neural tissue

Parathyroid hormone effects

Maintain normal blood levels of calcium

Inhibits new form formation and stimulates breakdown of old bone, releases calcium into the bloodstream

Encourages kidneys to reabsorb calcium

Prompts kidneys to activate Vitamin D

After eating, blood glucose levels?

Rise as glucose flows from the digestive tract and into the bloodstream

High glucose levels what?

Stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin

Insulin triggers what two reactions

1) stimulates the cells to take up more glucose

2) causes the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen