Mass Movements, Chauri Chaura & The Swaraj Party

Reason for the launch of Khilafat Movement (1919)

Britishers removed the Khalifa in Turkey from power after World War I

Formation of All India Khilafat Committee

Setup in Bombay on March 1919 under the leadership of Ali Brothers (Maulana Ali and Shaukat Ali), Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Hasrat Mohani, Ajmal Khan

President of All India Khilafat Conference (Delhi, Nov 1919)

Mahatma Gandhi (The conference was opposed by Congress and B.G. Tilak)

Founder of Indian National Liberation Federation

Surendranath Banerjee

Launch year of the Non-Cooperation Movement

1920

Congress sessions that approved and endorsed Non-Cooperation Movement

Approved in special Calcutta session (1920), endorsed in annual Nagpur session

New committee formed during Non-Cooperation Movement

15-membered Congress Working Committee

Leaders who left Congress due to ideological differences over mass struggle

Jinnah, Annie Besant, B C Pal

Movement merged with Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi

Khilafat Movement (to ensure Hindu-Muslim unity)

Fund created in 1921 with a target of Rs 1 Crore

Tilak Swaraj Fund (in remembrance of B.G. Tilak who died Aug 1, 1920)

Leader of Eka Movement (1921) in Uttar Pradesh

Madari Pasi

Mappila/Malabar/Moplah Revolt (1921)

Uprising by Muslim peasants against Hindu feudal lords in Kerala (associated with Wagon Tragedy)

Organizer of Awadh Kisan Movement (1920)

Baba Ramchandra

Educational institutions established during Non-Cooperation Movement

Jamia Millia Islam, Kashi Vidhyapith, Bihar Vidhyapith

Date and location of Chauri Chaura Incident

4th Feb 1922 in a village in Gorakhpur

Event of Chauri Chaura Incident

Crowd burnt a police station, resulting in 22 policemen dying

Result of Chauri Chaura Incident

Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement and was jailed in March 1922

Location where Congress working committee officially suspended the Non-Cooperation Movement

Bardoli

Two groups formed due to political vacuum after movement suspension

No Changers and Pro Changers

Key leaders of No Changers

Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, M.A. Ansari

Ideology of No Changers

Boycotted British councils; focused on constructive work (ashrams, schools, Khadi)

Key leaders of Pro Changers

C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru, Ajmal Khan

Ideology of Pro Changers

Argued that entering legislative councils would allow them to challenge British rule from within

Session where Swaraj Party was formed

Gaya Session of Congress (Dec 1922)

Leadership of Congress Khilafat Swaraj Party (Swaraj Party)

C.R. Das (President) and Motilal Nehru (Secretary)

Goal of Swaraj Party

"To end or mend the Council"

Major achievement of Swaraj Party

Successfully defeated the "Public Safety Bill" in 1928

Another name for Chittaranjan Das (C.R. Das)

"Deshbandhu"

Year of C.R. Das's death

1925

President of Belgaum Session of Congress (1924)

Mahatma Gandhi (the only session presided by him)

Key outcome of the 1924 Belgaum Session

Accepted the Swaraj party within the Congress