Ideologies

1. What is the best definition of ideology in the context of sport?

a) A scientific law that explains sport outcomes in the lens of functionalism

b) A set of ideas that influence how we see the world

c) A personal opinion about all sports teams

d) A biological explanation of athletic success with genetic determination

b) A set of ideas that influence how we see the world

1. Which of the following best describes the absolutist theory of deviance in sport?

a) Deviance is relative to cultural values and labeling.

b) Deviance is defined as breaking from norms of what is normal or appropriate.

c) Deviance occurs when athletes over-conform to meet expectations like doping.

d) Deviance is only found in extreme violence done by aggressive protests.

b) Deviance is defined as breaking from norms of what is normal or appropriate.

2. Which of the following is considered a dominant ideology about sport in society?

a) Sport always causes harm to participants

b) Sport is governed by access to equipment and luck

c) Sport is good for society and governed by meritocracy

d) Sport should be banned due to positive deviance like doping

c) Sport is good for society and governed by meritocracy

3. The sport ethic, according to Hughes & Coakley (1991), suggests athletes should:

a) Avoid risks whenever possible to maintain players health

b) Value education over sport to attain a scholarship to purse both an academic and athletic career

c) Dedicate themselves fully, strive for distinction, and overcome obstacles

d) Question authority and refuse pain to make sure the elites aren’t ruining their athletes

c) Dedicate themselves fully, strive for distinction, and overcome obstacles

4. Which of the following is an example of reinforcing the sport ethic?

a) Praising an athlete for resting after injury to maintain their health

b) Selecting players who do not complain and play through pain

c) Broadcasting negative stories about sport to put a spotlight on the issues in sport

d) Banning commercials that glorify sports and replace them with ads that support academics

b) Selecting players who do not complain and play through pain

5. What is deviance in sport?

a) Any social behavior that departs from what is seen as normal or acceptable in society

b) Any sport activity that leads to winning by way of doping, cheating, or bribing officials

c) Any behavior that follows all the rules strictly

d) A type of coaching strategy that pushes an athlete to their limits to strive for distinction

a) Any social behavior that departs from what is seen as normal or acceptable in society

6. The absolutist approach to deviance views deviance as:

a) Socially relative and based on labels and social factors

b) Positive behavior that goes beyond norms

c) Failing to conform to what is normal or appropriate

d) Something created only by athletes to benefit athletes

c) Failing to conform to what is normal or appropriate

7. Which theory of deviance emphasizes that powerful groups label others as deviant?

a) Absolutist approach

b) Relativist approach

c) Alternative approach

d) Functionalist approach

b) Relativist approach

8. Positive deviance in sport often occurs when:

a) Athletes under-conform and disregard rules to appease their coach

b) Coaches enforce rest periods to make sure that the athletes are in the best physical and mental shape

c) Athletes reject the sport ethic entirely to maintain a positive sports community

d) Athletes over-conform to norms, playing through pain or doping to meet expectations

d) Athletes over-conform to norms, playing through pain or doping to meet expectations

9. Why can the sport ethic sometimes lead to deviant behavior?

a) Because athletes always reject its principles to foster a healthy community where cheating is not tolerated

b) Because uncritical acceptance of “real athlete” norms pressures players into harmful behaviors

c) Because society ignores sports

d) Because deviance has no connection to sport

b) Because uncritical acceptance of “real athlete” norms pressures players into harmful behaviors

10. A critical question about athletes as role models is:

a) Why do we still celebrate athletes as role models despite evidence of negative behaviors?

b) Why are athletes never considered role models?

c) How can athletes avoid all media coverage to maintain their clean image to be a good role model?

d) Should sport be eliminated from education to focus on academic achievement?

a) Why do we still celebrate athletes as role models despite evidence of negative behaviors?

11. An __________ is a set of ideas that influence our outlook of the world.

Ideology

12. The sport ethic includes four key expectations: dedication, striving for __________, accepting __________, and overcoming obstacles.

Distinction

13. When athletes over-conform to norms, such as playing through serious injury, this is called __________ deviance.

Positive

14. The absolutist approach is rooted in __________ theory.

Functionalist

15. The relativist approach is also known as __________ theory, since deviance is based on how behaviors are described and categorized.

Labelling

16. Advertising, commentary, and team slogans can reinforce the __________.

Sports ethics

17. Examples of deviance in sport include doping, cheating, and __________ offenses.

Sexual

18. Hughes & Coakley (1991) argue that the sport ethic explains why athletes might accept pain, risk, and even __________ to succeed.

Cheating

19. The glorification of athletes as role models often benefits __________ groups who profit from marketing.

Powerful

20. Despite recognizing pitfalls, society still views sport as inherently __________.

Positive

2.The absolutist approach is most closely tied to which perspective?

a) Functionalist theory

b) Conflict theory

c) Symbolic interactionism

d) Social constructionism

a) Functionalist theory

3.According to the relativist theory, deviance in sport is:

a) Natural and unchanging across all societies

b) Defined by how powerful groups label and describe behavior

c) Only the result of breaking written rules for positive deviance

d) A matter of athletes’ personal morals and individual flaws

b) Defined by how powerful groups label and describe behavior

4.An athlete who is praised as a “hero” for playing through pain is an example of which theory at work?

a) Absolutist

b) Relativist (Labelling)

c) Positive deviance

d) Functionalist

b) Relativist (Labelling)

5.Which concept highlights that “deviance” may not come from breaking rules, but from over-conforming to them?

a) Absolutist theory

b) Relativist theory

c) Positive deviance

d) Conflict theory

c) Positive deviance

6.Which of the following is an example of positive deviance?

a) An athlete deliberately fouling another player because the coach asked

b) A player refusing to train or practice because they don’t agree with the coaching

c) An athlete doping to meet expectations of performance

d) A coach labeling a player as “lazy”

c) An athlete doping to meet expectations of performance

7.Which statement best connects the sport ethic to deviance?

a) Over-conformity to the sport ethic can cause deviant behaviors such as doping or hiding injuries.

b) The sport ethic prevents deviance because athletes follow rules placed by coaches strictly.

c) Deviance is unrelated to the sport ethic and is related to the labelling theory.

d) The sport ethic only applies to recreational athletes (Amateurs), not elites.

a) Over-conformity to the sport ethic can cause deviant behaviors such as doping or hiding injuries.