CSD 360 Ch. 1 Quix

What is The process
individuals use to
exchange
information/ideas,
needs and desires

communication

Language allows us to exchange information

using the same ___

code

WHat is language?

A shared code

Language is a socially shared ___ or system for

representing concepts through a set of

____ and the rules for using them

code, symbols

The actual words or symbols used in a

language are ___

arbitrary

__ are language scientists:

Specialists who study the language rules that

people use to communicate

Linuists

Child development professionals

study the changes that occur in

____ , ___, and __ as children grow

and develop within the context of

their everyday lives.

speech, language, and communication

Each spoken language has specific

sounds, or ___ , and sound

combinations

phonemes

A speaker’s linguistic ___ may differ from

his/her linguistic knowledge.

performance

Language allows 2 or more people to

communicate using the ___ ___

same code

What Involves linguistic processing (understanding others)

Receptive language

What Involves deciding what

to say, how to say it, and actually transmitting it

expressive language

What part of the speech CHAINS INCLUDES:

- Speaker sorts through thoughts and decides what to express

• Creates message by putting thoughts into “language” form

Encoding

What part of the speech CHAINS INCLUDES:

• Speech movements are triggered by

neural impulses sent from the brain to

the speech mechanism

• Movements of the speech mechanism

  produce disturbances in the air (sound

  waves)

Transmitting

What part of the speech CHAINS INCLUDES:

• Sound waves are received by the listener’s hearing mechanism

  ▪ Acoustic patterns are transformed into

  ”language” form

Decoding

What are three components of language?

content, form, and use

What component of language includes semantics?

content

What is a system of rules governing

the meaning (or content) of words and

word combinations.

semantics

Word knowledge Refers to an individual’s

repertoire of word and symbol

definitions based on ___ knowledge.

world

What is a person’s mental dictionary

or thesaurus known as?

Word knowledge (LEXICON)

What features are words based on that allow us to characterize the word?

semantic features

When two words share almost identical

semantic features, they are…

synonyms

words that differ only in the

opposite value of a single important feature

antonyms

What component of language consists of phonology, morphology, and syntax?

form

We structure ___ into __ and

into _______.

sounds, words, phrases/sentences

The aspect of language concerned with the

rules governing the structure, distribution, and

sequencing of speech ___ and the shape of

syllables.

sounds (phonology)

speech sounds are also known as …0

phonemes

Speech sounds (or phonemes) are the smallest

linguistic units of sound that can ___ a

difference in meaning

signal

__ is concerned with the internal

organization of ___

Morphology, words

Words consist of one or more units called

___

morphemes

A ___ is the smallest grammatical unit

in a language

morpheme

What morpheme is independent and can stand alone?

free

What morpheme is a grammatical markers that cannot function independently

bound

What type of bound morpheme includes prefixes; suffixes that change whole

classes of words?

derivational

What type of bound morpheme includes suffixes that change the state or increase

the precision of the free morpheme

inflectional

The form or structure of a ___ is

governed by the rules of ___.

sentence, syntax

Each noun phrase or verb phrase included in a sentence contains various word classes. In a given ___, word classes may be deleted or added

phrase

What level are the attributes of form”

phonology- ___ level

morphology- __ level

syntax- __ level

sound, word, sentence

What component of language includes pragmatics?

Use

What is It’s the “WHY” we communicate rather than how!

pragmatics

What is is considered by some

sociolinguists to be the overall organizing

principle of language that ____ the

other four aspects when communicating

influences (__), pragmatics

Language allows us to

exchange information using the same

___

code (rules)

What are subcategories of the parent

language that use similar, but not

identical rules.?

Dialects

__ users of a language

follow dialectal rules that

differ from the language

standard.

All

What refers to a phonetic trait from a

person's original language (L1) that is

carried over to a second language (L2)

accent

We develop dialects and accents based

on ____ and __

environmental influences and engrained motor-speech patterns

Who Study the way people

acquire and process language

Psycholinguists

Who Study the culture influences

and linguistic context

Sociolinguists

What term means of or relating to language?

linguistic

What term means in addition to language?

extralinguistic

What is this part of extralinguistic-

• Also called “suprasegmental aspects of speech”

• Includes: Intonation, stress or emphasis, speed or rate of delivery, and pausing / hesitation

• These codes are superimposed on speech to signal attitude, emotion, or even meaning.

Paralinguistic codes

What is this part of extralinguistic- :

▪ gestures,

▪ body posture,

▪ facial expression,

▪ eye contact,

▪ head and body

movement,

▪ physical distance or

proxemics

Nonlinguistic cues

What is this part of extralinguistic-

• The ability to talk about language, analyze it, think about it, judge it, and see it as an entity separate from its content.

 Critical for learning to read and write

 Also used to judge the correctness or appropriateness of the language we produce and receive

Metalinguistic skills

What is rules or patterns that occur

repeatedly within a language.

 The shared rules allow users to comprehend

and create messages.

grammar

What is a language user’s

underlying knowledge of the system of rules?

Linguistic competence

What are the components of language?

content, form, and use

what are the five domanins of language?

semantics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics

WHat is the subcategories of the parent

language that use similar, but not

identical rules.

dialects