Cadaver Anatomy Back muscles

proximal/distal attachments, action, innervation

Trapezius m. proximal attachment

external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12

Trapezius m. distal attachment

clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

trapezius m. action

elevation, retraction, depression

innervation

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor) and cervical spinal nerves C3-C4 (sensory)

Trapezius m. cranial levels (of named nerve)

CN XI, C3&C4 ventral rami

Trapezius m. Paralleling artery

superficial br. of transverse cervicle a.

Latissimus Dorsi m proximal attachmentq

spinous process T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest

Latissimus Dorsi. distal attachment

intertubercle groove

Latissimus dorsi m. action

extension, adduction, internal rotation

latissimus dorsi m. innervation

thoracodorsal n.

latissimus dorsi m. spinal or cranial levels

C6-C7-C8

Latissimus Dorsi m. paralleling artery

thoracodorsal a.

Levator Scapula m. proximal attachment

transverse processes of C1-C4

levator scapulae m. distal attachment

superior angle

Levator scapulae m. action

elevation

levator scapulae m. innervation

dorsal scapular n.

levator scapulae m. spinal or cranial levels

C5 (ventral ramus of C5)

levator scapulae m. paralleling artery

dorsal scapular a

rhomboid minor m. proximal attachment

spinous process C7-T1

rhomboid minor m. distal attachment

medial (vertebral) border

rhomboid minor m. action

retraction

rhomboid minor m. innervation

dorsal scapular n

rhomboid minor m. spinal or cranial levels

C5

rhomboid minor m. paralleling artery

dorsal scapular a.

rhomboid major m. proximal attachment

spinous processes T2-T5

rhomboid major m. distal attachment

medial (vertebral) border

rhomboid major m. action

retraction

rhomboid major m. innervation

dorsal scapular n.

rhomboid major m. spinal or cranial level

C5

rhomboid major m. paralleling artery

dorsal scapular a.

serratus posterior superior m. proximal attachment

spinous process C7-T3

Serratus posterior superior m. distal attachment

ribs 2-4

serratus posterior superior m. action

elevate

serratus posterior superior m. innervation

intercostal n.s

serratus posterior inferior m. proximal attachment

spinous process T11-L2

serratus posterior inferior distal attachment

ribs 8-12

serratus posterior inferior m. action

depression

serratus posterior inferior m. innervation

intercostal n.

levator costarum m. proximal attachment

transverse processes C7-T11

levator costarum m. distal attachment

ribs 1-12

levator costarum action

elevate

levator costarum innervation

dorsal rami

splenius m. proximal attachment

spinous process C7-T6

splenius distal attachment

mastoid process and occiput, transverse processes C1-C3sp

splenius m. action

unilateral: rotate to same side

Bilateral: extend

splenius m. innervation

dorsal rami

Iliocostals (I) m. proximal attachment

common broad tendon on posterior sacrum and posterior iliac crest

iliocostalis m. distal attachment

angle of ribs

iliocostalis m. action

unilateral: lateral flexion; ipsilateral

bilateral: extend

iliocostalis m. innervation

dorsal rami

longissimus m. proximal attachment

common broad tendon on posterior sacrum and posterior iliac crest

longissimus m. distal attachment

rib tubercles, transverse processes, mastoid process

longissimus m. action

unilateral: lateral flexion; ipsilateral

bilateral: extend

longissimus m. innervation

dorsal rami

spinalis m. proximal attachment

common broad tendon on posterior sacrum and posterior iliac crest

spinalis m. distal attachment

spinous processes T-through C-spine

spinalis m. action

unilateral: lateral flexion; ipsilateral

bilateral: extend

spinalis m. innervation

dorsal rami

Rotatores m. proximal attachment

transverse process

rotatores m. distal attachment

spinous process (spans 1-2 segments)

rotatores m. action

unilateral: rotate to opposite side

bilateral: stabilization

rotatores m. innervation

dorsal rami

multifidus m. proximal attachment

transverse process

multifidus m. distal attachment

spinous process (spans 2-4 segments)

multifidus m. action

unilateral: lateral flexion and rotate to opposite side

bilateral: extend , stabilization

multifidus m. innervation

dorsal rami

semispinalis m. proximal attachment

transverse process

semispinalis distal attachment

spinous process (spans 4-6 segments)s

semispinalis m. action

unilateral: rotate to opposite side

bilateral: extend

semispinalis m. innervation

dorsal rami

rectus capitis posterior major m. proximal attachment

spinous process C2

rectus capitis posterior major m. distal attachment

occipital bone

rectus capitis posterior major action

unilateral: rotate to same side

bilateral: extension

rectus capitis posterior major m. innervation

suboccipital n. (motor), greater occipital n. (sensory)

rectus capitis posterior minor m. proximal attachment

posterior tubercle C1

rectus capitis posterior minor distal attachment

occipital bonere

rectus capitis posterior action

unilateral: rotate to same side

bilateral: extension

rectus capitis posterior minor m. innervation

suboccipital n. (motor), greater occipital n. (sensory)

obliques capitis superior m. proximal attachment

transverse process C1

obliques capitis superior m. distal attachment

occipital bone

obliques capitis superior action

unilateral: lateral flexion

bilateral: extension

Obliques capitis superior innervation

suboccipital n. (motor), greater occipital n.(sensory)

obliques capitis inferior m. proximal attachment

spinous process C2

obliques capitis inferior m. distal attachment

transverse process C1

obliques capitis inferior m. action

unilateral: rotate to same side

obliques capitis inferior innervation

suboccipital n. (motor), greater occipital n. (sensory)