Chemistry (Exam 4)
5.0(1)
Studied by 16 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
FlashcardsCard Sorting
1/43
Earn XP
Description and Tags
Study Analytics
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
44 Terms
1
New cards
ionization energy trend
increases across a period and decreases down a group
2
New cards
ionization energy exceptions
groups 2 & 13 switch and groups 15 & 16 switch
3
New cards
What does l represent?
the shape of the orbit
4
New cards
What does n represent?
energy level
5
New cards
What does ml represent?
the orientation of the orbit
6
New cards
What does ms represent?
spin number
7
New cards
s sub-shell
l=0
8
New cards
p sub-shell
l=1
9
New cards
d sub-shell
l=2
10
New cards
f sub-shell
l=3
11
New cards
possible n values
any positive integer greater than 0
12
New cards
possible l values
0 to (n-1)
13
New cards
possible ml values
-l to l
14
New cards
possible ms values
1/2 or -1/2
15
New cards
What type of an orbital experiences penetration?
s orbitals, because they have no nodes at the nucleus
16
New cards
Aufbau Principle
electrons fill in lower energy levels first
17
New cards
Hund's Rule
electrons fill orbitals singly with parallel orbitals before pairing
18
New cards
electron configuration exceptions
chromium, copper, molybdenum, silver, gold
19
New cards
Zeff Trend
increases across a period, and decreases down a group due to shielding
20
New cards
electron affinity trend
increases across a period and decreases down a group
21
New cards
electron affinity trend exceptions
1 & 2 switch, 14 & 15 switch
22
New cards
atomic radius trend
decreases across a group and increases down a group
23
New cards
polarizability
decreases across a group and increases down a group
24
New cards
electronegativity trend
increases across a period, decreases down a group
25
New cards
lattice energy
increases with increasing ionic charge and decreasing ionic size
26
New cards
octet rule exceptions
boron (sometimes aluminum and beryllium), expanded valence shells, free radicals
27
New cards
expanded valence shells
atoms in or above row 3 can expand their valence shell to have more than 8 electrons
28
New cards
free radical
highly reactive species with one unpaired electron
29
New cards
wavelength and frequency are __________ proportional
inversely
30
New cards
electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength
gamma rays, x rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio waves
31
New cards
electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing frequency
radio waves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma rays
32
New cards
real gases behave most like ideal gases at
low pressure and high temperature
33
New cards
In the van der Waals equation, a
corrects for intermolecular interactions
34
New cards
In the van der Waals equation, b
corrects volume to account for non-negligible molecules
35
New cards
light's particle properties
quantized into photons
36
New cards
light's wave properties
diffraction, refraction
37
New cards
Bohr Postulates
1) Atoms revolve around the nucleus on fixed circular orbitals
2) Electrons can jump from one orbital to another, and emit or absorb energy when they do
2) Electrons can jump from one orbital to another, and emit or absorb energy when they do
38
New cards
Pauli's Exclusion Principle
no two electrons can have identical values for all four quantum numbers
39
New cards
paramagnetic
has unpaired electrons
40
New cards
diamagnetic
has no unpaired electrons
41
New cards
energy is emitted when
an electron moves from a higher energy level to a lower energy level
42
New cards
energy is absorbed when
an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level
43
New cards
electron affinity
the amount of energy released when an electron is added
44
New cards
ionization energy
the energy required to remove an electron
Note 
Flashcards (63)