Exploration and Colonization Test Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering major concepts, historical figures, colonial regions, forms of government, economic activities, and European interactions with Native Americans from the Exploration and Colonization Review.

Indentured Servants

Colonists who agreed to work for free in exchange for passage to America

John Rolfe

Brought a new strand of tobacco to Virginia

John Winthrop

Created a “City on a Hill” of Puritans in Massachusetts.

Powhatan

Chief of Native American tribe, father of Pocahontas

Puritans

Moved from England to seek religious freedom; intolerant of (not okay with) other religions

Roger Williams

Kicked out of Massachusetts; ran to Rhode Island for religious freedom

William Penn

Quaker who founded Pennsylvania.

City on a Hill

A model city located on a hill, designed by John Winthrop

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America: founded by John Smith.

Virginia House of Burgesses

First elected legislative body in the New World.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement written by Pilgrims to start a covenant community.

Cash-crop

Crops for sale: sold for profit ($) like tobacco

Cavaliers

English nobility who received large land grants (land grant = section of gifted land)

Middle Passage

Part of triangular trade route where slaves were traded: from Africa to America, across the Atlantic Ocean.

John Smith

Leader of Jamestown colony.

Jamestown Settlement Reasons

Gold + economic ($) opportunities

English Settlement Reasons

Economic ($) opportunity and/or religious freedom

French Settlement Reasons

Fur trade with Native Americans

Spanish Settlement Reasons

Gold, Glory and God

New England Settlement

Settled for religious freedom by Puritans

Southern Settlement

Settled for economic opportunity by English

Middle Settlement

Settled for economic opportunity and religious freedom by English, Dutch and German immigrants

French Relationship with Native Americans

Cooperative, worked together for the fur trade, inclusion (part of society), inter-married

Spanish Relationship with Native Americans

Enslaved Native Americans, killed some Natives, forced Natives to be slaves; gold, glory, God

English Relationship with Native Americans

Mostly ignored the Native Americans, though a few conflicts arose as the Native Americans retaliated against English taking their land and resource

Southern Colonies Economy

Plantation agriculture (Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Georgia)

Northern Colonies Economy

Ship building, trading (Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island)

Southern Colonies Government

House of Burgesses, elected assemblies

Northern Colonies Government

Direct democracy, held town meetings, Mayflower Compact, covenant Communities

New England Society

Religion-based, very hard-working (NH, Mass, RI and CT)

Middle Society

Sustenance farming, a mixture of northern and southern (Penn NY, NJ and Delaware)

Southern Society

Economic based (MD, VA, NC, SC, GA)