unit 7 (annelida, arthropoda, echinodermata)

what does annelis mean

little ring

how many species of annelids are there

22,000

what type of symmetry to annelids have

bilateral

how many tissue layers do annelids have

3 — triploblastic

what is a deposit feeder

these eat sand/dirt for nutrients

what is a suspension feeder

these pick out food from the water

what makes the annelids more advanced than other things ?

they are very effective crawlers and burrowers

what kind of circulatory system do annelids have ? so what kind of blood do they have?

closed — hemoglobin

what kind of digestive system do annelids have ?

complete

what nervous system do annelids have + what does this contain?

CNS with brain + ventral nerve cord

what exactly makes the annelids so good at crawling + burrowing ?

their hydrostatic skeleton

what is a hydrostatic skeleton

flexible “skeleton” supported by fluid pressure

annelids have two types of muscles in their hydrostatic skeleton. what are these ?

circular (increase/reduce diameter) and longitudinal (lengthen/shorten segments)

what are the three classes of annelida ?

polychaeta, oligochaeta, hirudinea

what does class polychaeta (phylum annelida) mean and what does it contain ?

many legs; marine worm species

what are the bristle like appendages that class polychaeta (ANNELIDS) use for movement ?

parapodia + setae

annelids are gonochoristic which means…

they have 2 distinct sexes

how is there a link to annelids and mollusks ?

they start out in the same larval form

what are annelid larvae called ?

trochophore larvae

what is epitoky ?

a sexually immature worm is transformed into a sexually mature worm then they clone themselves

which annelid is this ?

bobbit worm

which annelid is this ?

fireworm

which annelid is this ?

christmas tree worm

which annelid is this ?

giant tube worm

how long are giant tube worms ?

up to 2.4 meters

where do giant tube worms get their nutrition from and what is this process called ?

from symbiotic bacteria through chemosynthesis

describe chemosynthesis

no sun in the deep ocean, so instead of photosynthesis, organisms use hydrogen sulfide to get energy from other chemicals

giant tube worms are the fastest growing invertebrates

yes

what does arthropoda mean

joint foot

arthropods make up what % of all animals ?

80

what is the largest group of arthropods ?

insects

why are arthropods very successful ?

bc they have been around for so long

about how many million species of arthropod are there ?

1 million

what type of symmetry do arthropods have

bilateral

what is the exoskeleton of arthropods made of

chitin

what kind of eyes do arthropods have ?

compound eyes

what are two defining characteristics of arthropods ?

jointed appendages + exoskeleton

what kind of digestive system do arthropods have ?

complete

arthropods have the same basic nervous system as annelids.. which is …

CNS with brain and ventral nerve cord

what type of circulatory system do arthropods have ?

open —- back to hemolymph

how do arthropods breathe

gills

what are the three main parts of the arthropod body plan ?

head, thorax, abdomen

arthropoda is a phylum. what are the two sub-phylums ?

crustacea + chelicerata

crustacea is a sub-phylum in phylum arthropoda. what are the two classes in crustacea ?

maxillopoda + malacostraca

maxillopoda is a class in phylum arthropoda. what are the two orders in class maxillopoda ?

order cirripedia + copepoda

order cirripedia contains what

barnacles

order copepoda contains what

copepods

what are the five orders within class malacostraca

order decapoda, isopoda, amphipoda, euphausiacea, stomatopoda

order decapoda contains what ?

shrimp, lobster, crab

order isopoda contains what ?

isopods

order amphipoda contains what ?

amphipods

order euphausiacea contains what ?

krill

order stomatopoda contains what ?

mantis shrimp

what are the two classes in sub-phylum chelicerata ?

class merostomata + pycnogonida

class merostomata contains what ?

horseshoe crabs

class pycnogonida contains what ?

sea spiders

what is a nickname for crustaceans ?

insects of the sea

how many pairs of antennae do crustaceans have ?

2

what is the crustacean exoskeleton made of ?

calcium carbonate

what type of reproduction do crustaceans use ?

sexual

crustacean larvae are usually planktonic and there are three different types of larvae

yes

what is the larvae for barnacles + copepods called ?

nauplius

what is the larvae for shrimps + crabs called ?

zoca

what is the larvae for lobsters called ?

phyllosoma

what is metamorphosis

change from larval to adult form

what is a carapace

hard shell

cirri

hairlike appendages for catching food

• barnacles

• carapace

• suspension feeders w cirri

• meroplankton

• sessile adults

• can attach to other animals

• hermaphroditic —- longest penis to body size ratio ever

which class and order is this ?

class maxillopoda, order cirripedia

• almost completely translucent

• single compound eye

• plays an important ecological role in carbon cycle

which class and order is this

class maxillopoda, order copepoda

how do copepods play an important ecological role ?

their fecal pellets sink and deposit carbon on the bottom of the ocean

• shrimps, crabs, lobsters

• decapods (10 legs)

• cephalothorax + abdomen

• has all of the specialized appendages

which class and order is this ?

class malacostraca, order decapoda

pereopods

walking legs

cheliped (claw)

first big leg

chelae

pincers

maxillipeds

feeding appendages

pleopods (swimmerets)

swimming legs

uropods + telson

form the tail fin

there are 2 uropods and 1 telson

yes

do you know how to label a decapod + echinoderm anatomy ?

echinoderm anatomy: https://www.purposegames.com/game/starfish-sea-star-water-vascular-system-game

yes

• isopods

• VENTRALLY compressed, look like rolly polies

• giant isopods only found in deep ocean

which class and order is this

class malacostraca, order isopoda

isopod vs amphipod

isopods are ventral and amphipods are lateral

amphipod vs copepod

amphipods have 2 eyes, copepods have 1 and the antennae are different

• amphipods

• swim LATERALLY

• LATERALLY compressed (skinny/deep bodies)

• insect like; very small

• herbivorous grazers that control algae growth

what class and order is this ?

class malacostraca, order amphipoda

• high biomass

• important ecological role bc there are low on food chain and are a food source for other organisms

• see-through bodies

• caught commerically

• krill

what class and order is this ?

class malacostraca, order euphausiacea

krill vs shrimp

krill has 3 distinct segments, small, translucent and shrimp are larger and gray/pink

are mantis shrimp true shrimp

no

• mantis shrimp

• NOT true shrimp

• aggressive

• most complex eyes of ANY animal

which class and order is this ?

class malacostraca, order stomatopoda

what makes the mantis shrimp eyes so good

12 color receptors + they can see polarized light

what are the two types of mantis shrimp claws ?

spearers + smashers

spearers (mantis shrimp)

spiny appendages w barbed tips used for stabbing prey

smashers (mantis shrimp)

developed claw used to smash prey apart

how many newtons of force can mantis shrimp produce

1500

characteristics of horseshoe crabs (subphylum chelicerata, class merostomata)

shallow coastal water, reduced eyes, no antennae or mouthparts, telson makes long-spiny appendage

how many years ago did horseshow crabs evolve and what is their nickname ?

450 mya; living fossils

characteristics of sea spiders (subphylum chelcerata, class pycnogonida)

long legs, small body, no respiratory system

how many legs do sea spiders have ?

4-6

how do sea spiders breathe ?

gas exhange through body surface. oxygen absorbed through legs + transported by hemolymph

in sea spiders, males care for eggs and young

true

how many species of echinodermata are there

~ 7000

what makes phylum echinodermata unique ?

they are exclusively marine