Ch 9 & 10 Eye, Ear, Nose, Throat, & Mouth

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary from the lecture on the anatomy and conditions related to the eye, ear, nose, throat, and mouth.

Anatomy

The branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.

Physiology

The scientific study of normal mechanisms, and their interactions within a living system.

Otitis Externa

An infection of the external auditory canal, commonly referred to as "swimmer's ear."

Tinnitus

The perception of noise or ringing in the ears, often associated with hearing loss.

Photophobia

Increased sensitivity to light; discomfort in the eyes due to bright light.

Hyphema

A condition in which blood collects in the anterior chamber of the eye, often requiring immediate referral.

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A condition in which bleeding occurs under the conjunctiva, usually self-resolving within 1 to 3 weeks.

Corneal Abrasion

An injury to the surface of the cornea; may require treatment with antibiotics.

Corneal Abrasion Tx

Tropical antibiotics, eye patch, analgesics, refrain from wearing contacts. Most heal within 24-72 hrs

Corneal Laceration 

A more serious injury to the cornea that involves a tear resulting from trauma. May require surgical intervention and thorough examination to assess damage.

Corneal Laceration S/S

Complain of photophobia, eye pain, sensation of object in eyeand redness, vision changes, swelling around the eye.

Orbital Fx 

Blow to preorbital area by a larger than orbit object may result in zygomatic, frontal, or maxillary fx

Orbital Blow Out Fx

Fx of Medial Wall or Floor

Trauma increases pressure inside the eye socket, causing the thinnest bones; break or “blow out” into sinus cavities

Fx of Orbital Roof

Fracture of the upper wall of the orbit, often caused by blunt trauma, which can lead to vision impairment and other complications.

Retinal Tear / Detachment 

A condition where the retina is either torn or pulls away from the underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.

Retinal Tear / Detachment S/S

Flash of light, halos or blind spots, curtain or shape pulled over field 

Stye

A bacterial infection of the oil glands in the eyelid, resulting in a red, painful lump, often associated with swelling and discomfort.

Stye S/S

Erythema of eye, localizes into a painful pustule within a few days

Glaucoma

A group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often associated with increased intraocular pressure, leading to vision loss if untreated. 2 degrees

Glaucoma S/S

“Sneaky thief of sight”

includes blurred vision, seeing halos around lights, and gradual loss of peripheral vision.

Glaucoma Risk Factors

Positive family hx, age (over 40), nearsightedness, diabetes, hypertension, African American

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A type of hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, often caused by aging, noise exposure, or illness.

Conductive Hearing Loss

A type of hearing loss caused by problems in the outer or middle ear that interfere with sound conduction, often due to ear infections, fluid, or earwax buildup.

Otitis Externa

“Swimmers Ear” - infection of external auditory meatus

Otitis Externa S/S

Ear drainage, canal swelling, erythema, decrease hearing, itching, painand discomfort in the ear canal. Symptoms may worsen with ear manipulation.

Oitis Externa Mgt

Management includes cleaning the ear canal, antibiotic ear drops, and pain relief medication. Avoidance of moisture and irritants is also recommended.

Otitis Media

Middle ear infection, often associated with fluid buildup and inflammation.

Oitis Media S/S

Ear pain, fever, feeling of pressure in ear, slight loss of hearing, occasionally dizziness 

Oitis Media Mgt

Management may involve antibiotics, pain relief medications, and sometimes myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes for recurrent cases.

Ruptured Tympanic Membrane 

Sudden change in pressure within the ear or insertion of foreign objects

Ruptured Tympanic Membrane S/S

Sudden ear pain, sudden relief of ear pain followed by drainage from ear, tinnitus or decrease in hearing

Auricular Hematoma

“Cauliflower Ear” - single or repeated trauma to external ear, resulting in subcutaneous hematoma

Auricular Hematoma S/S

Swelling, pain, and deformity of the outer ear, tenderness to touch, and possible drainage.

Auricular Hematoma Mgt

Draining the hematoma to relieve pressure, followed by compression dressings. Over time, prevention of further trauma is essential.

Epistaxis

A medical term for a nosebleed, which can be anterior or posterior.

Impacted Cerumen

Excessive earwax

Impacted Cerumen S/S

Similar to otitis externa; muffled hearing or hearing loss, little or no pain

Impacted Cerumen Mgt

Removal of earwax, possible use of softening agents

Periodontitis

A serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth.

Rhinitis

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa; can be allergic or non-allergic.

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums that can cause redness, swelling, and bleeding.

Auditory nerve

A cranial nerve essential for hearing and balance.

Visual Acuity

A measure of the clarity or sharpness of vision, often tested using a Snellen chart.

Halitosis

Bad breath; a condition that can be a symptom of underlying oral issues.

Gingival Recession

The process of the gum tissue pulling back from the tooth surface, exposing more of the tooth.

Surgical Incision

A cut made during surgery for the purpose of access, drainage, or treatment.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva, commonly known as pink eye.

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses, often causing nasal congestion, pain, and pressure.

Sinusitis S/S

include nasal congestion, facial pain, headache, and discharge.

Deviated Septum

A condition where the nasal septum, the cartilage separating the nostrils, is displaced to one side, which can lead to breathing difficulties, nasal congestion, and sinus infections.

Deviated Septum S/S

Bleeding, septal hematoma, pain

Deviated Septum Mgt

Control any bleeding, hematoma present, insertion of small wick for continued drainage

Epistaxis

The medical term for nosebleeds, often resulting from trauma, dry air, or underlying health conditions. It can range from minor to severe, requiring medical attention.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharynx, typically caused by viral or bacterial infections.

Pharyngitis S/S

Symptoms may include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes.

Pharyngitis Mgt

Management includes rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Antibiotics may be prescribed if bacterial infection is confirmed.

Tonsillitis

an inflammation of the tonsils, commonly due to infections, characterized by sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing.

Tonsillitis S/S

Symptoms may include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swollen tonsils.

Tonsillitis Mgt

Management includes pain relief, hydration, and in some cases, antibiotics to treat bacterial infection.

Laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx.

Laryngitis S/S

Symptoms may include hoarseness, loss of voice, throat irritation, and cough.

Laryngitis Mgt

Management typically involves voice rest, hydration, and symptomatic treatment, such as throat lozenges and analgesics.

Oral Cancers

malignancies that occur in the mouth, including the lips, gums, tongue, and inner lining.

Oral Cancers S/S

Symptoms may include sores, lumps, or patches in the mouth, difficulty swallowing, and persistent pain.

Anatomy

The branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts.