Independent+Variables

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated or controlled in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment; it is expected to change when the independent variable is manipulated.

Operationalize

To define a variable in measurable terms for the purposes of research.

Confounds

Variables other than the independent variable that may affect the results of an experiment.

Target Variable

The main variable of interest that is being studied in an experiment, such as bullying, happiness, or intelligence.

Narrative Collective-Assimulation Hypothesis

The hypothesis that experiencing a narrative leads one to psychologically become a part of the collective described within the narrative.

Belongingness Needs

The human motivation to form relationships and feel a sense of belonging within a group.

Clean Scents and Virtue

The finding that clean scents can increase feelings of reciprocity and a willingness to volunteer.

Implicit Measures

Assessments that evaluate beliefs or attitudes that individuals may not be fully aware of or may not want to disclose.

Explicit Measures

Assessments that require individuals to self-report their beliefs or attitudes directly.