Dissociation & Ionization

Molecular Compounds

Consist of two non-metals that share electrons and are neutrally charged.

Ionic Compounds

Consist of one metal and one non-metal or one metal and one polyatomic ion, consisting of positively and negatively charged ions.

Acids

Types of molecular compounds that form H+ ions and an anion when dissolved in water.

Bases

Types of ionic or molecular compounds that result in an OH- ion and cation when dissolved in water.

Dissociation

The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water.

Solvation

The process in which ions are surrounded by water molecules as they dissolve.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction where stronger bond formation after dissociation releases more energy than needed to break the bond.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction where weaker bond formation after dissociation absorbs energy from the environment.

General Equation for Molecular Dissolution

XY(s/l/g) 🡪 XY(aq) (disperses as individual, neutral molecules).

General Equation for Ionic Dissolution

MX(s) 🡪 M+(aq) + X-(aq) (dissociates into individual ions).

General Equation for Base Dissolution

MOH(s) 🡪 M+(aq) + OH-(aq) (dissociates into positive ions and hydroxide ions).

General Equation for Acid Dissolution

HX(s/l/g) 🡪 H+(aq) + X-(aq) (ionizes to form hydrogen ions and anions).