historical illustration quiz 3

1960s

enter photography, exit illustration as we know it

1954: Push Pin Studios

• milton glaser and seymour chwast

• design and illustration should not be limited to prevailing sentimental realism (rockwellian)

• worked in expressionistic ways to counter photography

• guiding reference in graphic design: book jackets, album covers, etc

psychedelic

• 1967 san francisco - meant to exclude outsiders, one year only

• illegible typefaces, vibrating colors, vintage illustrations, public domain images

primitivism

• untrained artists are called folk artists

• childlike / primitive, very powerful graphic impact

• highlights contrasts between: illustration vs photography, and hand vs computer

neo-realism

artists looked beyond reality to impart more, not less, truth

neo-surrealism

• magritte’s language, the visual pun

• NYT op-ed page was the original high-profile outlet

• could be used to sell any product, depict any idea

• has remained popular since 1960s

brad holland

illustrates the essence of underlying concept rather than specific passages

magic realism / imaginative realism

convincingly blend fantasy and reality

1980

fedex connects illustrators to publishers across the continent

1990

photoshop + internet = everything has a market

2010

social media connects artists directly to their market

children’s illustration

improvement vs imagination

fable

a short story, usually with animals as characters, conveying a moral

edmund evans

japanese woodblock process to publish children’s books in color — toy books

caldecott medal

for best illustrated children’s book

fairy tales

passed down through oral tradition

• charles perrault - cinderella, sleeping beauty, red riding hood, blue beard, puss in boots

• hans christian anderson

• brothers grimm

mother goose

the frontispiece of perrault’s original edition of fairytales pictured an old woman telling stories to a group of children

• french saying - old women = mother goose

late 1800s

childhood now seen as a space of protected innocence

picture book

illustrations were at least as important as the text, artists are recognized

illustrated book

images supplement the text, but are not necessary to understand the story

novels written for children late 1800s:

• alice’s adventures in wonderland

• little women

• treasure island

• adventures of huckleberry finn

• jungle book

• the secret garden

• tom sawyer

• peter pan

major purpose of US education during 1900s

the assimilation of immigrants

1900s

inexpensive, high-quality illustrated books = tremendous growth in children’s publishing

deluxe gift book

illustrations printed on glossy paper and glued to blank pages

• edmund dual

• kay nielsen

• arthur rackham

• maxfield parrish

• NC Wyeth

beatrix potter

• early 1900s

• small, cozy books — designed so that the very young children could comfortably hold them

• tale of peter rabbit was first privately published by the author

mid 20th century

• cold war — the U.S. competition with the soviet union = suddenly country was afraid that the U.S. was falling behind, and that education was to blame

• began the effort to make early readers that children might actually enjoy

currently:

• children’s market is comparable to adult literature in its range and diversity of genres

• readers at every stage of development, from infancy to young adulthood

• new media

• social complexity and emotional challenges that children and adolescents face

• huge move toward diversity of the student population

after 2008:

major publishing houses cut back hugely on their yearly publications - 10-1

• not taking risks, mostly sequels

• self publishing, self initiated projects, crowdfunding

bob peak

bernie fuchs

mark english

david levine

norman rockwell

brad holland

edward gorey

marshall arisman

frank frazetta

CF Payne

gary kelley

mark summers

rafal olbinski

thomas blackshear

beatrix potter

eric carle

maurice sendak

james gurney

chris van allsburg

brian froud

ralph steadman

robert hunt

glen keane

gary baseman

pop art

roxie style (push-pin)

psychedelic

primitivism

neo-victorianism

neo-surrealism

punk

fantasy