Antebellum Era

Era of Good Feelings

1812-1824, era with one party domination and a general era of national pride and unity

John Q. Adams

last president of the Era of Good Feelings, defeated Andrew Jackson in the election known as The Corrupt Bargain

Andrew Jackson

1st Western president (TN), 1st Democratic president, 1st president to be elected under new voting laws that all white men could vote

Corrupt Bargain

deal brokered by Henry Clay to elect John Q. Adams president so he would become Sec. of State

Era of the Common Man

era that extended voting to all white men, owning property no longer required

Democratic Party

created by Andrew Jackson after the Democratic Republican party fractured into the National Republicans and the Jacksonian Democrats, oldest continuous political party in the world

Spoils System

system of granting political positions to people who support a campaign, can include Cabinet positions and/or any other political position including military ranks during the 1800s

Trail of Tears

name given to the forced march of Cherokee and other natives to reservation in OK, thousands died on the journey

Whig Party

created to contest the Democratic Party in the 1830s, named after the British Whigs who supported colonial representation in Parliament

Free Soil Party

party created to allow states to choose whether or not they wanted to have slavery, supported popular sovereignty

Republican Party

created in 1852 by anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats to try to stop the expansion of slavery, 1st Presidential candidate was John Freemont in 1856, today is one of the 2 major political parties

Manifest Destiny

term coined by John O'Sullivan and a concept created to expand the U.S. way of life across North America and lift up the Native peoples

The Mexican-American War

A conflict between the USA and Mexico in which the end result meant Mexico had to move its border further south

Nationalism

concept of supporting pride in a nation and national issues above all other nations or individual concepts

Panic of 1837

caused by ending the Bank of the United States, is considered to be the worst economic disaster in U.S. history, however helped to establish the National Treasury

Slavery

concept of applying property rights to the owning of human beings for the sake of exploitation for economic gain, American slavery was more commonly known as chattel slavery or forced bondage due to its condition of permanence

Oregon Trail

trail followed by settlers from Independence, MO to the Willamette Valley in OR, (greatest video game)

Cotton Gin

This was a machine that made the removal of seeds from cotton more efficient.

Mexican-American War

fought between the U.S. and Mexico over the border of Texas and the state of CA, U.S. won and acquired TX, NM, AR, CA, and parts of CO, UT, and NV (Mexican Cession)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

treaty signed to end the Mexican-American War

Mexican Cession

land acquired by the U.S. after the Mexican-American War including TX, CA, NM, AR, and parts of CO, UT, and NV

Missouri Compromise

1820, settled disputes for western expansion of slavery where slavery could not exist above the 36N 30W line wherein Missouri became a slave state and Maine became a free state after being part of Massachusetts

Compromise of 1850

renegotiated the terms of the Missouri Compromise to allow California to become a free state, slave trade was abolished in D.C., new fugitive state laws were put in place, other areas of the Mexican Cession could choose to become slave or free

Santa Anna

He was the President of Mexico during the Mexican-American War.

Popular Sovereignty

concept promoted by Northern Democrats and some Republicans in which states could choose to be slave or free, pushed by Stephen Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates

Gadsden Purchase

1854, purchase of the southern tips of AR and NM from Mexico for $10 million, most expensive land purchase per square mile by the U.S. government

2nd Great Awakening

spiritual, emotional, religious, and conceptual awakening that took place from the 1820s to the 1850s in which new religious denominations, art, literature, and other forms of what would be Americana were introduced into the mainstream of American life

Civil Disobedience

sometimes referred to as non-violent protest; professed refusal of a citizen to follow a law that the individual perceives to be unjust

Perfectionism

concept developed by transcendentalists in which any or all of society could exist in a perfect state usually in nature

Abolitionism

This was the movement to abolish slavery.

Immigration

This is the movement of people from one country to another. Immigration greatly increased in the mid-1800s.

Erie Canal

1825, linked the Great Lakes region to the Atlantic Ocean, made NYC a commercial, economic, and cultural port city, the largest city in the nation; nicknamed Clinton's Big Ditch

The Alamo

This was a fort that was attacked by Mexico resulting in the deaths of 187 Americans.

Samuel Morse

portrait painter and inventor of the telegraph machine in 1837 based on European style telegraphy machines, inventor of Morse Code

Telegraph

aka the Recording Electric Telegraph and Single-Wire Telegraph, invented in 1837 by Samuel Morse

Napoleon Bonaparte

He sold the Louisiana Purchase to the USA.

John Deere

blacksmith and inventor of the steel tipped plow in 1837 which revolutionized farming on the Great Plains

Thomas Jefferson

He was the 3 rd president of the USA and made the Louisiana Purchase.

The Clermont

series of steamboats invented by Robert Fulton to sail from NYC to Albany, NY then along the Erie Canal, there were 12 in total

Clipper Ship

largest sail powered ships in the world during the 19th century, were put out of commission by the end of the 19th century

The Nullification Crisis:

This was when South Carolina refused to recognize federal tariffs.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

She was a famous leader for women's rights.

The Market Revolution

This was an era in which industry and technological innovation greatly increased.

The Lincoln / Douglas Debates

In these debates, Lincoln and Douglas debated Popular Sovereignty in Illinois.

Roger Taney

He was the Supreme Court leader in the Dred Scott Decision.

William Lloyd Garrison

staunch abolitionist, speaker, and editor of the abolitionist newspaper the North Star

Frederick Douglass

former slave, abolitionist, author, and statesman who wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave

Harriet Tubman

known better as Grandma Moses, was an escaped slave and conductor of the Underground Railroad between PA and MD

Underground Railroad

series of safe houses between slave states and free states that would help runaway slaves to freedom in the North or Canada

The X, Y, Z Affair

Chief Justice John Marshal met with French agents referred to as "X, Y, & Z" and they wanted money. The men tried to get the USA to bribe them to stop seizing ships. They asked for $250,000.00. This was the X,Y,Z Affair and angered America.

Alien and Sedition Acts

acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government

Nat Turner

He was a slave who led a slave rebellion against his masters.

Frederick Douglas:

He was a runaway slave who was a strong abolitionist.

The War of 1812

This was a conflict between the USA and Britain that occurred when Britain kept taking USA ships at sea.

Joseph Smith

founder of the Church of LDS in 1829 and published the Book of Mormon at the age of 24

Church of Latter Day Saints

founded by Joseph Smith and established by Brigham Young after leading a group of Mormons to Utah in 1850

Book of Mormon

published by Joseph Smith as a new testament of Jesus Christ in the U.S.

Brigham Young

second president of the Church of Latter Day Saints, led his Mormon followers to Utah to escape persecution, founded Salt Lake City, 1st governor of the Utah Territory

Marbury vs. Madison

This was the Supreme Court Case that established Judicial Review.

John Brown

radical abolitionist who killed pro-slavery mobs in KS and tried to start a slave revolt at Harpers Ferry armory, seen as a hero for the North and a traitor for the South

Harper's Ferry

Armory for the U.S. military, taken over by John Brown in 1859 with hopes to start a slave revolt in VA, after the raid Brown was tried for treason and hanged,

John C. Calhoun

He claimed South Carolina should threaten to secede during the nullification crisis.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

author of Uncle Tom's Cabin published in 1852, quickly became the most popular novel in the U.S.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

a best-selling novel that portrayed slavery as a great moral evil

Abolition Movement

aka the Anti-Slavery Movement, started by Finney and quickly became a national issue

Louisiana Purchase

Thomas Jefferson led the effort to purchase this region from Napoleon and France.

James Madison

Madison had a strict interpretation of the constitution and was the president during the war of 1812

The Treaty of Ghent:

This ended the War of 1812.

Francis Scott Key

He wrote the Star Spangled Banner.

Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857, decision that said that people of African descent who had been enslaved could never be citizens of the U.S. and therefore could not sue for their freedom; made slavery and chattel slavery a permanent condition under the 5th amendment

Agrarian Economy

This is when the economy is based on agriculture.

John C. Freemont

hero of the Mexican American War and was the first Republican Party presidential candidate in 1852 and 1856

Abraham Lincoln

known as Spotty Lincoln as a Congressman, winner of the Election of 1860 as the first Republican President, the Civil War broke out due to his election as an anti-slavery president

The Missouri Compromise

This was a compromise that stated new states above 36'30 would be free and states under that line could have slaves.

Mormons

A religious group that settled in Utah.

John Quincy Adams

He was the 6th President of the USA.

Democratic-Republicans

This party wanted strong state governments and Thomas Jefferson was in this party.

Federalist Party

This party wanted a strong central government that benefited the rich. John Adams was the only Federalist President.

Washington's Cabinet

Washington's cabinet included men who helped him run the country. His cabinet included Thomas Jefferson (State), Alexander Hamilton (Treasury), and Henry Knox (War).

The Oregon Trail

Many people used this trail to travel west.

Mormons:

A religious group that settled in Utah.