Learn: Chapter 3 voc 1

Cytoplasm

Fluid and organelles located between the cell membrane and the nuclear envelope.

Endoplasmic reticulum

Complex of membranes located within the cytoplasm.

Ribosome

Tiny, spherical structure that consists of protein and RNA and functions in protein synthesis.

Cell membrane

The selectively permeable outer boundary of a cell consisting of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins; also called a plasma membrane.

Nucleus

The dense core of an atom, composed of protons and usually neutrons. Cellular organelle enclosed by a double-layered, porous membrane and containing DNA. Masses of interneuron cell bodies in the central nervous system.

Organelle

A structure in a cell that has a specialized function.

Cytoskeleton

A cell's framework of protein filaments and tubules.

Vesicle

Membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by an infolding of the cell membrane or pinching off of membranes within the cell.

Golgi apparatus

Organelle that prepares and modifies proteins and glycoproteins for secretion.

Mitochondria

Organelle having enzymes that catalyze the aerobic reactions of cellular respiration.

Lysosomes

Organelle that contains enzymes that break down worn-out cell parts and debris.

Peroxisomes

Membranous sac abundant in kidney and liver cells that contains enzymes that catalyze reactions that decompose hydrogen peroxide.

Centrosome

Cellular organelle, consisting of two centrioles, that separates chromosome sets into two cells from one during cell division.

Centrioles

Cellular structure built of microtubules that organizes the mitotic spindle.

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane surrounding the cell nucleus that separates it from the cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

Small structure in the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins.

Chromosomes

Threadlike structure built of DNA and protein that condenses and becomes visible in a cell's nucleus during cell division.

Flagella

Long, hair-like, whip-like structures that stick out from certain cells and help them move.

Microtubules

Microscopic, hollow tubes made of tubulin proteins that form part of the cell's cytoskeleton.

Cilia

Microscopic, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of many eukaryotic cells.

Selectively permeable

Only certain substances can enter or leave the cell.

Microfilaments

The thinnest protein fibers of the cell cytoskeleton, measuring about 7 nanometers in diameter.

Chromatin

Complex mixture of DNA and proteins that packages long DNA molecules into a compact, dense shape inside the cell nucleus.