Lower Extremity Muscles - KAAP Lab Practical 4

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

gluteus maximus m.

O: posterior ilium, iliac crest, PSIS, coccyx

I: Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action(s): hip extension, hip ABD, stabilizes hip

Innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

gluteus medius m.

O: lateral ilium 

I: greater trochanter of femur

Action(s): Hip ABD, medial rotation

Innervated by superior gluteal nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

gluteus minimus m.

O: lateral ilium 

I: greater trochanter of femur

Action(s): Hip ABD, medial rotation

Innervated by superior gluteal nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

piriformis m.

O: sacrum, ilium, sacroiliac joint

I: greater trochanter of femur

Action(s): lateral rotation of the hip, ABD when hip is flexed

Innervated by spinal nerves L5-S2

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

tensor fascia latae m.

O: ASIS

I: lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract 

Action(s): knee extension, lateral rotation of tibia, ABD of hip, medial rotation of femur

Innervated by superior gluteal nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

rectus femoris m.

O: AIIS

I: patella, tibial tuberosity 

Action(s): knee extension, hip flexion

Innervated by femoral nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

vastus lateralis m.

O: greater trochanter of femur

I: patella, tibial tuberosity 

Action(s): knee extension

Innervated by femoral nerve

*note: when plastinated structure flipped, vastus medialis can be seen

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

vastus medialis m.

O: intertrochanteric line of femur

I: patella, tibial tuberosity 

Action(s): knee extension

Innervated by femoral nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

vastus intermedius m.

O: anterior femur

I: patella, tibial tuberosity 

Action(s): knee extension

Innervated by femoral nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

sartorius m.

O: ASIS

I: proximal, medial tibia

Action(s): knee and hip flexion, ABD of hip, lateral rotation of hip

Innervated by femoral nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

gracilis m.

O: pubis and ischial ramus

I: medial surface of tibia just below condyle

Action(s): aids in hip flexion, medially rotates tibia

Innervated by obturator nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

adductor magnus m.

O: pubis and ischium

I: linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, medial supracondylar line

Action(s): adducts and medial rotation of hip

Innervated by obturator and tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

adductor longus m.

O: pubis

I: linea aspera of femur

Action(s): ADDucts and medial rotation of hip

Innervated by obturator nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

adductor brevis m.

O: pubis

I: linea aspera and spiral line of femur

Action(s): ADDucts hip

Innervated by obturator nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

semimembranosus m.

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

Action(s): knee flexion, medial rotation of knee (when flexed), medial rotation of hip (when extended)

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

semitendinosus m.

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia

Action(s): knee flexion, medial rotation of knee (when flexed), medial rotation of hip (when extended)

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

biceps femoris m.

O: ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line (short head)

I: head of fibula

Action(s): knee flexion, hip extension, lateral rotation of femur when hip is extended

Innervated by tibial and common fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

extensor digitorum longus m.

O: lateral condyle of tibia and shaft of tibia

I: middle and distal phalanges of II-V

Action(s): toe extension, dorsiflexion, tenses plantar aponeurosis

Innervated by deep fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

extensor hallucis longus m.

O: anterior surface of mid fibula, interosseous membrane

I: Distal phalanx I

Action(s): extends big toe, dorsiflexion

Innervated by deep fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

tibialis anterior m.

O: lateral condyle and proximal tibia

I: medial cuneiform, metatarsal I

Action(s): dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Innervated by deep fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

fibularis (peroneus) longus m.

O: head and lateral surface of fibula

I: medial cuneiform, metatarsal I

Action(s): eversion and plantarflexion of ankle

Innervated by superficial fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

fibularis (peroneus) brevis m.

O: lateral and distal fibula

I: base of metatarsal V

Action(s): eversion 

Innervated by superficial fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

gastrocnemius m.

O: posterior condyles of the femur

I: calcaneus

Action(s): plantarflexion and weak knee flexion

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

soleus m.

O: posterior surface of fibula and tibia 

I: calcaneus

Action(s): plantar flexion

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

flexor digitorum longus m.

O: posterior tibia

I: distal phalanges II-V

Action(s): flexes phalanges digits II-V

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

flexor hallucis longus m.

O: distal two thirds of fibula

I: distal phalanx I

Action(s): flexes phalanges digit I

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

posterior tibialis m.

O: posterior tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane

I: navicular, medial cuneiform, metatarsals II-IV

Action(s): inverts foot, plantarflexion

Innervated by tibial nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

flexor digitorum brevis m. (sole of foot)

O: calcaneal tuberosity

I: Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Action MTP joints 2-5: Toe flexion

Innervation: medial plantar nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

extensor digitorum brevis m.

O: Superolateral calcaneus bone

I: Extensor digitorum longus tendons of toes 2–4

Action DIP joints 2-4: Toe extension

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

identify + state origin, insertion, action, innervation of marked structure

extensor hallucis brevis m.

O: superolateral calcaneus bone

I: proximal phalanx 1

Action: MTP joint 1 toe extension

Innervation: deep fibular nerve