Cell Organelles – Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste disposal

Cell Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions, such as energy production, protein synthesis, and waste disposal.

Cell Membrane

A semi-permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, regulating the entry and exit of substances while maintaining cell integrity.

Nuclear Membrane

A double-layered membrane that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm and controlling the exchange of materials between them.

Nucleoplasm

The gel-like substance inside the nucleus that contains chromatin (DNA and proteins) and the nucleolus, providing a medium for nuclear activities.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that houses DNA and regulates gene expression, cell growth, and reproduction.

Cytoplasm

The fluid-filled region between the nucleus and the cell membrane, containing organelles and serving as the site for most cellular processes.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

A network of membranes without ribosomes that is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A membrane network studded with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis and processing.

Ribosomes

Small organelles composed of RNA and protein that carry out protein synthesis by translating genetic information.

Golgi Complex (Golgi Apparatus)

A stack of membrane-bound sacs that modify, package, and distribute proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell that produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration, enabling various cellular functions.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that hold water, nutrients, and waste; more prominent in plant cells, where they help maintain turgor pressure.

Lysosomes

Membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste, cellular debris, and foreign invaders.

Centriole

A cylindrical organelle composed of microtubules, involved in organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Microtubules

Hollow, tube-like protein structures that provide structural support, aid in intracellular transport, and form components of the cytoskeleton.

Microfilaments

Thin, thread-like protein fibers that help maintain cell shape, enable movement, and assist in intracellular transport.