Small Group Communication Exam 1

What are the different models of communication?

Mechanistic thinking and the linear model, feedback and interactional model, shared meaning and the transactional model

What are the different senders in the linear model?

Message, receiver, channel

What are the different noises in the linear model?

Physical noise, physiological noise, psychological noise, semantic noise

What are the different contexts in the linear model?

Physical, cultural, social-emotional, historical

What is the Interaction Model?

Sender/receiver; feedback: responses to people, their messages, or both

What are the different types of communication?

Intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group

What are the principles of interpersonal communication?

It is unavoidable, it is irreversible, it is symbolic, it is rule-governed, it is earned, it has both content and relationship levels

What are the values of interpersonal communication?

Increases job success, improves relationships with family and friends, improves academic performance, self-actualization: becoming the best you can be

What are the types of nonverbal communication?

Paralanguage, haptics, chronemics, proxemics, kinesics

What is paralanguage?

The nonlogical component of communication, by speech

What is haptics?

The means by which people and other animals communicate via touching

What is proxemics?

Is the study of human use of space and the effects that population density has on behavior, communication, and social interaction

What is kinesics?

The study of the way in which certain body movements and gestures serve as a form of nonverbal communication

What are the five ethical systems of communication?

Categorical imperative, utilitarianism, the golden mean, ethic of care, significant choice

What is categorical imperative?

Individuals follow moral absolutes ( Immanuel Kant )

What is utilitarianism?

Ethics is bringing the greatest good to the largest number of people ( John Stuart Mill )

What is the golden mean?

A person’s moral virtues stand between two vices with the average or the mean being the foundation for a rational society ( Aristotle ))

What is ethic of care?

Means being concerned with and focused on the connection between communicators ( Carol Gilligan )

What is significant choice?

Communication is ethical to the extent that communicators can exercise free choice ( Thomas Nilsen )

What is communication?

The process of making sense out of the world and sharing that sense with others by creating meaning through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages

What is small group communication?

Communication among a small group of people ( 3 - 20 ) who share a common purpose, who feel a sense of belonging in the group and who exert influence on one another

What is a team?

A coordinated group of individuals organized to work together to achieve a specific, common goals

How do you make a team effective?

Develop clear, defined goals; establish clearly defined roles; create clearly defined rules; coordinate a collaborative work ethic

What are the advantages of small groups?

Access to more information, groups are often more creative, groups improve learning, higher satisfaction when participating in the decision-making process, group members learn more about themselves

What are the disadvantages of small groups?

Unbalanced influence and pressure to conform, domination of discussion by a single member, dependency on group mates, takes more time

What are the primary groups of small group communication?

Fulfill basic needs of the members; purpose is usually about meeting the human need to belong and relate to others

What are the secondary groups of small group communication?

Groups come together to accomplish a task or achieve a goal; you might also like the people in the group, but not a necessary component

What are the four categories of competence?

Problem-oriented competence; solution-oriented competence; discussion-management competence; relational competencies

What are the five broad categories of reasons?

Interpersonal needs, individual goals, group and team goals, interpersonal attraction, group attraction

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Physiological ( air, water, food ), safety ( security, protection ), belongingness ( be in groups ), esteem ( earn respect or esteem )

What is Schutz’s Theory?

Need for inclusion ( belonging, recognized, and known ), need for control ( gain status and power ), need for affection ( give and receive emotional warmth )

What are individual goals?

Personal interests that each individual group member has, regardless of particular group membership

What are group goals?

Intended outcomes and accomplishments for the group as a whole

What is social loafing?

Tendency for people to hold back from contributing in a group because they assume someone else will do the work

What is similarity of interpersonal attraction?

We like others who we think are like us; easier to understand each other

What is complementarity of interpersonal attraction?

Traits aren’t the same, but fit well together, qualities you don’t have but that you admire

What is proximity, contact, and interaction of interpersonal attraction?

People who live close to you, with whom you work or live, and with whom you interact or communicate frequently

What is physical attractiveness of interpersonal attraction?

Interacts with other types of attractiveness; we perceive “beauitful” to be “good”

What is individualism and collectivism of culture and group development?

Individual autonomy versus collective well-being

What is high-context and low-context culture?

High-context cultures are those that communicate and rely heavily on context; low-context cultures rely on explicit verbal communication

What is forming of group formation?

Anxiety, cautious behavior

What is storming of group formation?

Competition, conflict

What is norming of group formation?

Conflict resolution

What is performing of group formation?

Cooperation, productive work