Module 1 – Basics of Drawing

Vocabulary flashcards covering basic drawing tools, kinds of drawing, historical symbols, pencil grades, and drawing guideposts from Module 1.

Hieroglyphics

Picture words used by ancient Egyptians dating to $1500\,\text{BC}$, derived from 'hieros' (sacred) and 'glypho' (curve).

Hieratic Symbols

Ancient symbols used around $1300\,\text{BC}$, where 'Hieratic' means 'of the priesthood'.

Demotic

Ancient writings used from $400\,\text{BC}$ to $100\,\text{BC}$, where 'Demotic' means 'of the people'.

Artistic Drawing

A form of drawing used by artists to express abstract, aesthetic, and philosophical ideas using various art media.

Mechanical Drawing

Drawing done with instruments like rulers, triangles, and compasses for making accurate diagrams, building plans, and charts.

Drawing Board

A board traditionally made of well-seasoned wood (plywood), Masonite, or plastic that provides a straight working edge for constructing horizontal and vertical lines.

T-Square

A drafting instrument composed of a blade and a head fastened at right angles, used to construct horizontal lines and serve as a base for triangles.

30x60 Triangles

Triangular drafting instruments used in projecting isometric drawings or lines.

45x45 Triangles

Triangular drafting instruments usually used in projecting lines in oblique drawing.

Scale

A physical measuring device that accurately reduces linear distance to its correct scaled length.

Compass

An inverted V-shaped instrument with a pin on one leg and a lead holder on the other, used to draw arcs and circles.

Erasing Shield

A thin flat metal or plastic tool with cutouts of various sizes and shapes designed to protect drawn lines from being erased.

Protractor

A celluloid plastic instrument calibrated with angles from $0^\circ$ to $360^\circ$, used to plot angles on working drawings.

Template

A steel plate tool with various shapes, holes, and designs used as a pattern to project accurate drawings.

French Curve

A set of templates used for drawing irregular curved lines that are not part of a circle or ellipse.

Ruler

A tool used to measure distance or rule straight lines, with a standard length of $12\,\text{inches}$ or $1\,\text{foot}$.

Dusting Brush

A brush used mainly to remove loose dirt particles from the surface of a drawing without causing smudges.

Sharpener

A tool used to create a sharp conical pencil point to maintain the desired line weight and thickness.

HB Pencil

A pencil grade on the graphite scale most preferred and used specifically for lettering.

2H Pencil

A pencil grade on the graphite scale preferred and used specifically for linework.

4H Pencil

A pencil grade on the graphite scale preferred and used specifically for simple drawing activities.

Hard Grade Pencil

Pencil grade classification used for construction lines or technical drawing.

Medium Grade Pencil

Pencil grade classification used for general technical drawings, instrumental drawings, and sketching.

Soft Grade Pencil

Pencil grade classification used for technical sketching and artwork.

Technical Pen

A drawing instrument commonly used to finalize a sketch, whose line thinnest is determined by its pin calibration.

Mechanical Pen

A type of drawing pencil with replaceable lead housed in a case that does not require sharpening.

Eraser

A tool made of rubber or synthetic material used to remove unwanted lines or sketches.

Drafting Tape

Masking tape used to secure paper to a drawing board without damaging the board or leaving smudges.

Oslo Paper

A common drawing paper with a hard and smooth surface, regularly sized at $9\,\text{inches}$ by $12\,\text{inches}$.

Freehand Drawing

A drawing made without the use of drawing instruments or rulers, commonly referred to as a sketch.

Conical Pencil Point

The type of pencil point shape used most frequently in freehand sketching.

Chisel Point Pencil

A pencil point featuring a wedge or chisel tip used specifically for straight line work.

Elliptical Point

A pencil point shape used to form ellipses, usually used in combination with a compass.

Accuracy

A drawing guidepost emphasizing correct presentation through practice, perseverance, and visual keenness.

Legibility

A drawing guidepost requiring that a drawing can be read and clearly understood by others.

Neatness

A drawing guidepost requiring figures and lines to be clean and free from dirty erasures, ink blots, or line doubling.

Orderliness

A drawing habit and guidepost involving the systematic arrangement and storage of drawing instruments and equipment.

Speed

A drawing guidepost defined as accomplishing expected work accurately and neatly within a specified timeframe using materials economically.