AP Euro

Renaissance

The cultural rebirth that occurred in Europe based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome. Included secularism, changes to art and architecture, and humanism

Humanism

An intellectual movement which focused on the individual and its potential and needs, rather than religious figures

Individualism

Emphasized the value, rights, and autonomy of the individual over institutions such as the church.

Secularism

The shift in focus from church and its authority towards worldly concerns, human reason, and state power.

Realism

The shift in art from 2-D to 3-D lifelike pieces of art

Patronage

Wealthy elites, merchant families, and popes would commission artists and architects to create works of art.

Vernacular

The everyday languages of the people. Shift in being printed in the vernacular instead of Latin

City State

Independent, self governing units with a major city. The Italian City States were incredibly powerful and played a viable role in the Renaissance. Wealth from these cities funded Renaissance era projects

Linear Perspective

an Italian Renaissance art technique that uses mathematical rules, a horizon line, and converging lines (orthogonals) to create the illusion of three-dimensional depth on a flat surface

Reason of State (Raison D’Etat)

The nation takes preference over people and morality

Ecclesiastical

Related to the Christian Church

Secular

The focus on worldly, non religious concerns, reason, and human achievement

Heterogenous

Not all the same

Homogenous

The same

Fresco

A Painting Technique during the Renaissance in Italy where water-based pigments are applied to freshly laid, wet lime plaster, allowing the paint to chemically bond with the wall as it dries

Allegory

When characters stand for abstract ideas

Virtuous

The concept during the Renaissance of individual excellence, talent, and the ability to shape the world

Johannes Gutenberg/Printing Press

A mechanical device to mass produce books and spread information in the vernacular

Niccolo Machiavelli/The Prince

A former diplomat of the Florentine Power who was exiled when the Medici family rose to power. He wrote the book, “The Prince” stating that if i ruler can not choose between being feared or loved, he must be feared. Humanistic Qualities, such as antiquity and calling out the Pope Alex VI as a liar

The Medici

A wealthy family from Florentine Republic who got rich through banking. They slowly rose up the ranks to become nobles, rulers, and popes. Patronned tons of artists; secular patronage

Savonarola

The theocratic ruler of Florence after the fall of the Medici Family. Anti-humanist, burnt many secular items (bonfire of the vanities), executed

Filippo Bruneschelli

Created the Duomo

Donatello

Created the Bronze David

Boticelli

Birth of Venus

Leonardo Da Vinci

“renaissance man,” the last supper, and mona lisa

Michelangelo

Marble David, Sistine Chapel

Raphael

The School of Athens

Jan van Eyck

Oil Paintings

Pieter Brugel

Paintings of peasants, the peasant wedding

Francesco petrarch

“Father of Humanism,” “Rules for Rulers”- should be kind and lead by example

Dante Alighieri

“the Divine Comedy” about heaven, hell, puragtory in vernacular

Giovanni Boccaccio

Vernacular “The Decameroon” showing the shift to secularism and individualism

Erasmus

Christian Humanism, translkation of bible into vernacular

Thomas More

Christian Humanist, “utopia”

William Shakespeare

Playwright, represented Northern Humanism

Miguel Cervantes

Don Quixote