IB english paper one techniques

Problem and solution

• advertisement first creates a problem and then presents a solution to

• Effect: Blurs the line between what the reader wants and what they need; convincing the of problems they did not know existed

Bandwagon effect

• Appealing to the subject to join a crowd

• convinces the subject since everyone is doing it they should as well

Testimonial

• quotations or endorsements from users of the product

• Personal story is more likely to make the reader believe in the brand and the product

Association

• placing the product next to the items to associate them with the values those things represent

• readers associate them

Synthetic personalization

• addressing mass audiences as they were individuals

• reduces distance between reader and writer and establishes sense of intimacy leading to more persusive intentions

Irony

• when one means the opposite of what one says

• Brings depth, insight, and creativity to the text; captures attention and makes text more memorable

Glittering Generalities

• making vague and empty promises and using positive language to describe a small idea

• evokes positive feelings and associations with an object

Assertion

• Enthusiastic or energetic statement that is presented with no supporting ideas

• cause the readers to believe the idea without any second thoughts

False Dilema

• when only two choices were presented yet more exist

• reader is made to choose between only two things and their options are limited

Plain Folks

• when the speaker presents themselves as a common person

• audience is able to relate to the speaker and empathize with them

Selective omission

• only presenting an information that is positive to an idea

• attempts to persuade and influence the audience about one side

Pathos

• Inciting emotions of pity, sorrow, or sympathy

• Appeals to audiences emotions

Logos

• using statistical data and facts

• convinces the audience by employing reasoning and logic

Ethos

• uses statements from famous people

• Appeals to the audience by highlighting credibility

Juxtaposition

• placing contrasting ideas close to each other to highlight their differences

• allows audience to convey a unique quality about something and emphasizes it

Repetition

• repeating the same words or phrases a few times

• allows speaker to put emphasis on important ideas and make them more memorable

Parallelism

• placing similarly structured and related phrases, words, or clauses together

• makes idea more memorable

Tricolon

• three parallel clauses, phrases, or words which come in quick session with no interruptions

• makes idea more memorable

Hypophora

• raising a question and then immediately providing an answer to it

• allows reader to take the discussion in a new direction; catches reader’s curiosity

Polysyndeton

• using conjunctions or connecting words frequently in a sentence

• slows the rhythm of the phrase causing emphasis

Mood

• evoking certain feelings or vibes inn readers through words and descriptions

• affects the readers by creating various emotional feelings

Tone

• Attitude of a writer towards the subject or the audience

• affects how the reader perceives the writer’s intentions

Chronological structure

• information is presented in a time progression context

• gives overview of the history of the idea

Cause and effect structure

• cause of a situation is first presented and effect is then depicted

• allows the reader to understand the severity of the situation

Euphemism

• using an innocuous word in the place of something that is offensive

• allows writer to soften uncomfortable topics or mislead the reader

Negative space

• empty space surrounding the subject

• allows viewer’s gaze to be more easily directed towards the subject and convey the feelings of loneliness and emptiness

color red

anger, passion, love, desire

Yellow

positive, joy, happiness, warmth ; also negative caution, danger

black

death, evil, mystery

green

growth, renewal

blue

sadness, peace

White

purity

Slogans

• short, catchy, memorable quotes

• draws the reader in

Advertising claims

• scientific claims, vague language, bandwagon

Jargon

information that sounds impressive but does not communicate meaning

Metonymy

figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it.

Modality

• modal verbs are small but important (need, must, should, might)

Typography

• fonts capitalization, bold, or italicized words