Green crime

White

zeimiology:

• environmental justice (anthropocentric harm)

• ecological & species justice (ecocentric harm)

Zeimiology - White

An alternative to traditional criminology where rather than focusing on legislation, it focuses on harm.

Environmental justice/Anthropocentric harm (White)

Considers harm to the environment from the perspective of humanity. i.e Pollution is a problem as it damages human water supply. Climate change is a problem because of it's impact on people and economic expenses.

Ecological & species justice /Ecocentric harm (White)

Doesn't distinguish between humans and the rest of the ecosystem, sees harm to any aspect of the environment as harm to all of it. i.e animal cruelty/destruction of habitats are green crimes even if it doesn't affect humans.

South

• primary green crime

• secondary green crime

Primary green crime - South

Activities which have an immediate impact on the environment. i.e. air (harmful gases) and water (toxic chemicals) pollution, deforestation, species decline (due to human activity)

Secondary green crime - South

Activities indirectly linked to green crime. i.e violent suppression of environmental campaign groups (killing and arresting campaigners)

Beck

• global risk consciousness

• manufactured risks

global risk consciousness - Beck

Globalisation has contributed to the creation of risk society, where there is an increasing sense that there are a range of unseen and uncontrollable threats that are placing human life & the planet's existence at risk.

manufactured risks - Beck

Industrial and technological innovation has contributed to the wellbeing of humans but also contributed to the opposite - i.e climate change. Risks which are made through human contributions to the planet.