S3.2.2 Esters

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6 Terms

1
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How are esters formed?

Carboxylic acid + alcohol → ester + water.

Reaction is condensation (or esterification), catalyzed by H₂SO₄.

<p>Carboxylic acid + alcohol → ester + water. </p><p>Reaction is condensation (or esterification), catalyzed by H₂SO₄.</p>
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What type of reaction forms esters?

Nucleophilic substitution/condensation.

Water is formed.

Reversible reaction.

<p>Nucleophilic substitution/condensation. </p><p>Water is formed. </p><p>Reversible reaction.</p>
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Naming esters

Alcohol part first (e.g. ethyl), acid part second (e.g. ethanoate).

Example: ethyl ethanoate.

<p>Alcohol part first (e.g. ethyl), acid part second (e.g. ethanoate). </p><p>Example: ethyl ethanoate.</p>
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Boiling point trend in esters

Increases with molar mass due to stronger London dispersion forces.

Example: methyl ethanoate < pentyl ethanoate.

<p>Increases with molar mass due to stronger London dispersion forces. </p><p>Example: methyl ethanoate &lt; pentyl ethanoate.</p>
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Solubility of esters

Decreases with molar mass.

Larger hydrocarbon chains reduce solubility in water.

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Uses of esters

Used as food flavorings, solvents, and plasticizers.

Fruity smells make them ideal for fragrances.