History Unit of dictators - Mussolini’s Italy and Fascism PowerPoint, Newselta notes of Mussolini,

In the years immediately following World War I, Italy was

very politically unstable.

The _______ were founded by the ex-Socialist journalist________.

Fascists

By Benito Mussolini

Fascist militias began to attract ….

support across Italy as they mounted an anticommunist crusade

Fascist squads, dressed in black-shirted uniforms, used

systematic violence to destroy leftist organizations.

Mussolini formed his movement into a proper

political party, called the National Fascist Party.

The police, the army and much of the middle-class sympathized with the…

Fascist destruction of Socialist unions.

Mussolini, as duce (leader) of fascism, ..

slowly made himself indispensable to the government

Mussolini organized a …

"March on Rome" by Fascist supporters.

Mussolini became prime minister, in a more or less constitutional manner, but only after three …

years of near civil war in the country and an armed invasion of Rome.

Mussolini was focused on acquiring ..

territory in Africa and in the Mediterranean.

Italy finally invaded Ethiopia, and By May 1936,….

it had conquered the country.

• Italians felt betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles because…

they expected to get some land after WW1.

• Problems in Italy:

Unemployment. Angry Workers, communism becomes poplar.

Benito Mussolini Grew up as a socialist, then..

then created fascism.

Mussolini Controlled a group know as squadristi - The black shirts they used

Used violence, and rejected democracy.

Mussolini Became the dictator of Italy and pledged to..

to make it an empire like Ancient Rome

The first thing Mussolini did was

Invaded Ethiopia

• Mussolini was appointed prime….

  (by who)

prime minister by the King - Victor Emmanuel III

Mussolini switch Italy to a …

Government controlled economy

A Fascist Country has..

• Strict control by the government, back by the military

• intense nationalism

• single party dictatorship, one leader

• state-controlled economy

• police spy on citizens

• state terrorism used to make people obey

Joseph Stalin rose to power as gen..

general secretary of the Communist Party.

Stalin was a frail child At age 7, he contracted ____, that left his _________.

smallpox, which left his face scarred,

Stalin was injured in a carriage accident that left…

his arm slightly deformed.

Stalin: The other village children treated

him cruelly.

Stalin’s mother wanted him to become..

So She enrolled him in ..

a priest.

church school

Stalin came in contact with a secret organization that supported ..

Georgian independence from Russia,

The members of the secret organization that supported Georgian independence from Russia, introduce Stalin to the writings of

the writings of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

Stalin adopted the name "Stalin," meaning

"steel" in Russian.

Stalin was appointed to the newly created office of…

general secretary of the Communist Party.

general secretary of the Communist Party gave Stalin..

it gave Stalin control over all party member appointments,

After Lenin's death in 1924, Stalin set out to des…

destroy the old party leadership and take total control.

Stalin seized land given earlier to…

the peasants and organized large combined farms.

Stalin believed this collectivism would ..

accelerate food production

Because of Stalin Millions were killed in …

forced labor or starved during the ensuing famine.

Stalin also set in motion ..

rapid industrialization that initially achieved huge successes but over time cost millions of lives and damaged the environment.

Stalin made a seemingly brilliant move, signing an agreement with

Adolph Hitler and Nazi Germany.

the Nazis broke the agreement and attacked in 1941, the Soviet Army was

unprepared and suffered massive losses.

____________was a totalitarian movement led by Adolf Hitler. It was called _____

National Socialism

Nazism

Hitler was the sole source of inspiration for…

people and the nation.

_______________________________________ paved the way for the success of the propaganda of Hitler and the Nazis.

The defeat and the resulting disillusionment, poverty, and frustration

Hitler's book "Mein Kampf" (written from 1925 to 1927; "My Struggle"), he outlined…

outlined both his goals and his theories of race and propaganda.

with fear of communism arising in Europe Hitler exploited those fears by saying he would

defend Europe against communism.

Hitler stressed the fact that all propaganda must be able to reach even the …

least intelligent people and that its truthfulness is much less important than its success.

National Socialism rejected..

democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and all movements of international cooperation and peace.

The jobless were put to work in….

extensive public projects

National Socialism maintained its power by

manipulation.

{hitler }It encouraged German anti-Semitism to make the Jews a

a symbol of all that was hated and feared.

National Socialism unified all ____________, opponents of the regime were

police and security organizations

labeled as enemies.

The depression after the Wall Street Crash made …

many more people vote for the Nazis.

In 1933, President Hindenburg is convinced into thinking that Hitler should

should become Chancellor.

The Reichstag Fire

The Reichstag building burnt down.

In the reichstag fire A

communist was found inside the building He admitted responsibility.

Because of the Reichstag Fire Chancellor Hitler was able to convince people that the ..

Communists were trying to take power by terrorism.

Also due to The Reichstag Fire Hitler was able to have the

Communists banned from the Reichstag.

With the Communists banned from the Reichstag Hitler was able to pass:

The Enabling Act

The Enabling Act gave Hitler the power to

to make his own laws. So, he banned all other political parties!

Hitler had to get rid of _____ because

Hitler had to get rid of Rohm. He was too much of a threat.

On the night of June 30, 1934, Hitler's S.S. (headed by Himmler) killed over

1000 S.A. members including Rohm.

The army was pleased that Rohm was now gone. Hitler had gained the

support of the army.

PRESIDENT HINDENBURG'S

DEATH GAVE HITLER THE OPPORTUNITY TO COMBINE THE…

ROLE OF CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT. HE CALLED HIMSELF 'DER FUHRER'.

These regimes wanted more than passive obedience; they wanted to

conquer the minds and hearts of their subjects.

These regimes wanted more than passive obedience; They achieved this goal through …

mass propaganda techniques and modern communications.

Totalitarian states rejected the ideal of ..

limited government power and the guarantee of individual freedoms.

Most of the propoganda was

simple, yet effective (i,e.."Follow your leader")

Benito Mussolini creates the first euro…

European fascist movement

League of Combat also know as

also know as "fighting leagues" or "combat squads".

Mussolini gained popularity among …

war veterans, peasants, and others who believed that Italy needed a ruthless dictator in order to revitalize itself.

In response to this growing popularity of Mussolini King Victor Emmanuel Ill named …

Mussolini prime minister in 1922.

Ruling as a dictator, Mussolini invaded foreign lands, and his apparent successes with Fascism attracted the attention of Adolf Hitler. They

formed a Rome-Berlin Axis,

Rome-Berlin Axis also know as the

Also know as The Pact of Steel [Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany becoming allies]

fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the

need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler

Mussolini converted thousands to the

Fascist Party with his nationalistic appeals.

Mussolini and the Fascists threatened to march on …

Rome if they were not given power.

Mussolini used his position as prime minister to create…

create a Fascist dictatorship.

The soviet union (USSR) clearly becomes the

enemy to the fasict leadership

Fascists outlawed all other

political parties in Italy and set up a secret police

OVRA=

Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism

Mussolini ruled Italy as..

Il Duce

Fascists also tried to exercise …

exercise control over the mass media.

Censorship was highly used

INDOCTRINATION >

manipulated, deceived, lied to, brianwashed...

8 and 18 were members of

fascist youth groups

Mussolini never achieved the degree of totalitarian control seen in …

Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union.

Mussolini's regime also recognized Catholicism as the ….

In return, the Catholic Church urged …

"sole religion of the State."

Italians to support the Fascist regime…

Due to mussolini's relationship with recogizing Vatican city as its …

own nation, Millions of supporters were gained.

These divisions were further strained by an intense personal rivalry between

Leon Trotsky and another Politburo member, Joseph Stalin.

Stalin was free to establish a powerful dictatorship. He seized all

power for himself and greatly curtailed the freedom of the press.

Stalin was he was expelled from school for

revolutionary activity.

Stalin was able to take control of Soviet politics after Lenin's death in 1924. During this period, he

enacted policies and secret executions that took millions of lives.

In World War II, Stalin signed a

Nonaggression Pact with Germany.

Nonaggression Pact>

the Nazi-Soviet "Non-Aggression" Pact

Stalin maintained a cult of personality by using

media and propaganda to create a heroic, idealized image.

The press presented Stalin as a

powerful, all-knowing leader and as the father of the people of the USSR.

Five-Year Plan Their purpose was to transform

Russia virtually overnight from an agricultural into an industrial country.

The First Five-Year Plan focused on …

production of military and capital goods

(STALIN HIGHLIGHTS) millions of workers and their families lived in miserable conditions. Real wages of

industrial workers declined

With rapid industrialization came equally

rapid collectivization of agriculture, a system in which private farms were eliminated.

(STALIN NOTES ) the government owned all the land, and the peasants worked it. The peasants resisted by

hoarding crops and killing livestock.

The wealthier farmers were known as

"Kulaks"

Collectivization was done at tremendous cost. Hoarding

food and slaughtering livestock led to widespread famine.

The Ukraine region was

the center of this famine