recombinant DNA technology

what is a gene?

a series of cases that code for the production of a particular protein.

What is recombinant DNA technology?

is the process of splicing DNA or gene from one organism into another organism.

How is recombinant DNA technology used in regards to the endocrine system?

to produce synthetic insulin and growth hormone

How is recombinant DNA technology used to produce synthetic insulin?

scientists will put the insulin gene from a human cell into a bacterium. the bacterium will then produce the hormone insulin. Which is then extracted to treat diabetes mellitus (type 1). m

What is the process of recombinant DNA technology?

first isolating (cutting out) the insulin one from a healthy human cell, and using a restriction enzyme. then treating a piece of bacterial DNA with the same restriction enzyme. then splicing the human insulin gene into the bacterial DNA (the plasmid). then the DNA ligase will stick the peices of gene together. lastly the plasmid is put back into the bacteria to then create insulin.

What is a plasmid?

a circular DNA molecule found in bacteria

what is the plasmid called after being combined with the human gene?

recombinant plasmid

what is the bacteria called after the recombinant plasmid is reinserted?

transgenic bacteria

what are restriction enzymes?

are enzymes that cut out DNA when they encounter specific base sequences.

what are the different types of restriction enzymes?

some make staggered cuts with sticky ends, and some make straight cuts with blunt ends.

what does sticky ends restriction enzymes do?

they target specific base sequences (recognition sites) that are palindromic (they can read back wards and forwards). the restriction enzymes cuts along the recogniition site, producing a staggered cut with sticky ends. Other base sequences can bind if they have the same staggered cut and sticky ends.

How useful are straight cuts made by enzymes in recombinant DNA?

not very useful in recombinant DNA technology because they are less specific in what can join them.

what is a vector?

the plasmid carries and transport human gene

after the recombinant plasmid enters the bacterium, becoming a transgenic bacterium, what happens next?

this is gown in culture where it will reproduce until there is a large number of bacteria that all produces insulin.

what sides of the gene do the restriction enzymes treat?

both sides, with both plasmid and human gene- this is so that is has the same staggered cut and same sticky ends.

in what bacteria is the growth hormone produced in?

E.coli bacterium

sticky end restriction enzymes are…

palindromic (meaning they can read backwards and forwards)