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Ventilation
Airflow management affecting animal health and comfort.
Stack Effect
Vertical air movement due to temperature differences.
Poor Ventilation Indicators
Signs include moisture, odor, and respiratory issues.
Lighting Benefits for Poultry
Enhances growth, egg production, and welfare.
Lighting Benefits for Cattle
Improves health, reproduction, and feeding behavior.
Lower Critical Temperature
Minimum temperature for animal comfort and health.
Upper Critical Temperature
Maximum temperature before heat stress occurs.
Heating for Piglets
Essential for survival until 21 days old.
Space Requirements for Calves
Floor space varies by calf weight and age.
Overstocking Implications for Calves
Leads to stress, disease, and reduced growth.
Cubicle Width Issues
Incorrect width causes discomfort and injury risks.
Minimum Cubicle Size
At least 1.2m x 2.0m for 700kg cow.
Overstocking in Dairy Cows
Results in stress, lower milk yield, and health issues.
Pen Size for Ewes
Must accommodate ewes and their lambs comfortably.
Signs of Overstocking in Pigs
Aggression, stress, and reduced growth rates.
Nutritional Needs of Ruminants
Depends on maintenance, reproduction, and production.
Daily Energy Requirement for Cows
5.2 MJ of ME per liter of milk produced.
Total ME Calculation
156 MJ for 30 liters of milk daily.
Ruminal Acidosis
Condition caused by high grain diets.
Colostrum Feeding Importance
Critical for immunity and health in calves.
3 Q's of Colostrum Management
Quality, Quantity, and Quickness of feeding.
Nutritional Disease in Ewes
Twin lamb disease due to energy deficiency.
Nutritional Management for Ewes
Increase energy intake in late pregnancy.