New England Flora Quiz

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Last updated 3:00 AM on 9/22/26
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101 Terms

1
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tree

  • large, woody plant with secondary branches

  • supported on main stem or trunk


<ul><li><p>large, woody plant with secondary branches</p></li><li><p>supported on main stem or trunk</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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shrub

  • smaller, woody plant

  • multiple stems


<ul><li><p>smaller, woody plant</p></li><li><p>multiple stems</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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forb/herb

  • non-woody plant

  • often has flowers

  • dies back to rootstock post-growing season

  • self-supporting but not climbing


<ul><li><p>non-woody plant</p></li><li><p>often has flowers</p></li><li><p>dies back to rootstock post-growing season</p></li><li><p>self-supporting but not climbing</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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vine

  • non-woody plant

  • climber

  • dies back to rootstock each growing season


<ul><li><p>non-woody plant</p></li><li><p>climber</p></li><li><p>dies back to rootstock each growing season</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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liana

  • climber with woody stem

  • not dying back each season

  • leaves will die but wood stays

  • ex. poison ivy


<ul><li><p>climber with woody stem</p></li><li><p>not dying back each season</p></li><li><p>leaves will die but wood stays</p></li><li><p>ex. poison ivy</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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grass

  • herbaceous plant

  • narrow leaves and inconspicuous flowers


<ul><li><p>herbaceous plant</p></li><li><p>narrow leaves and inconspicuous flowers</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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herbaceous

no woody material, entire plant dies

8
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aquatic plant

  • herbaceous

  • spends life partially or fully submerged in water


<ul><li><p>herbaceous</p></li><li><p>spends life partially or fully submerged in water</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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node

where a leaf joins axis

<p>where a leaf joins axis</p>
10
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axis

long part of stem

<p>long part of stem</p>
11
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internode

space in between nodes on axis

<p>space in between nodes on axis</p>
12
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leaf

composed of blade and petiole

<p>composed of blade and petiole</p>
13
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blade

main part of leaf that’s leafy

<p>main part of leaf that’s leafy</p>
14
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petiole

stemmy part of leaf

<p>stemmy part of leaf</p>
15
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axillary bud

  • on end of petiole closest to node

  • bud


<ul><li><p>on end of petiole closest to node</p></li><li><p>bud</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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margin

edge of leaf

<p>edge of leaf</p>
17
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surface

inner part of leaf

<p>inner part of leaf</p>
18
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adaxial

surface of leaf that faces sun

<p>surface of leaf that faces sun</p>
19
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abaxial

surface of leaf away from sun

20
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distal

upper

21
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proximal

lower

22
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alternate

one leaf per node

<p>one leaf per node</p>
23
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opposite

two leaves per node

<p>two leaves per node</p>
24
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whorled

3+ leaves per node

<p>3+ leaves per node</p>
25
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simple leaf

single, undivided leaf blade attached to stem by petiole

<p>single, undivided leaf blade attached to stem by petiole</p>
26
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compound leaf

single leaf whose main blade is divided into 2+ smaller leaflets

<p>single leaf whose main blade is divided into 2+ smaller leaflets </p>
27
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bud

condensed rudimentary shoot

<p>condensed rudimentary shoot</p>
28
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axil

junction/space between the stem and leaf

<p>junction/space between the stem and leaf</p>
29
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terminal/apical bud

bud that stands alone

<p>bud that stands alone</p>
30
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axillary bud

buds that may expand into new shoots

<p>buds that may expand into new shoots</p>
31
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palmate compound leaf

compound leaf with all leaflets coming from the same base (like a hand and fingers)

<p>compound leaf with all leaflets coming from the same base (like a hand and fingers)</p>
32
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pinnate compound leaf

compound leaf with leaflets coming from different bases

<p>compound leaf with leaflets coming from different bases</p>
33
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bipinnate leaf

compound leaf where you take 2 turns

<p>compound leaf where you take 2 turns</p>
34
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tripinnate leaf

compound leaf where you take 3 turns

<p>compound leaf where you take 3 turns</p>
35
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elliptic

  • leaf shape

  • widest at center and gets more narrow at ends

  • longer leaf


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>widest at center and gets more narrow at ends</p></li><li><p>longer leaf</p></li></ul><p></p>
36
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lanceolate

  • leaf shape

  • widest near base and gradually becomes more narrow

  • longer leaf


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>widest near base and gradually becomes more narrow</p></li><li><p>longer leaf</p></li></ul><p></p>
37
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oblanceolate

  • leaf shape

  • widest near apex

  • longer leaf


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>widest near apex</p></li><li><p>longer leaf</p></li></ul><p></p>
38
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oval

  • leaf shape

  • widest at center

  • wider leaf


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>widest at center</p></li><li><p>wider leaf</p></li></ul><p></p>
39
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ovate

  • leaf shape

  • “egg shaped”

  • widest near base

  • wider leaf


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>“egg shaped” </p></li><li><p>widest near base</p></li><li><p>wider leaf</p></li></ul><p></p>
40
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obovate

  • leaf shape

  • widest near apex

  • wider leaf


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>widest near apex</p></li><li><p>wider leaf</p></li></ul><p></p>
41
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spatulate

  • leaf shape

  • spoon-shaped

  • longer


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>spoon-shaped</p></li><li><p>longer</p></li></ul><p></p>
42
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falcate

  • leaf shape

  • curved along plane

  • longer


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>curved along plane</p></li><li><p>longer</p></li></ul><p></p>
43
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sagittate

  • leaf shape

  • looks like arrowhead


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>looks like arrowhead</p></li></ul><p></p>
44
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hastate

  • leaf shape

  • leaf base pointed outwards/indented


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>leaf base pointed outwards/indented</p></li></ul><p></p>
45
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orbicular

  • leaf shape

  • nearly round


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>nearly round</p></li></ul><p></p>
46
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cordate

  • leaf shape/base

  • heart-shaped

  • indented at base


<ul><li><p>leaf shape/base</p></li><li><p>heart-shaped</p></li><li><p>indented at base</p></li></ul><p></p>
47
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obcordate

  • leaf shape

  • heart-shaped

  • indented at apex


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>heart-shaped</p></li><li><p>indented at apex</p></li></ul><p></p>
48
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deltoid

  • leaf shape

  • shaped like a river delta

    • concave at apex

    • wider in center/base

    • base not indented


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>shaped like a river delta</p><ul><li><p>concave at apex</p></li><li><p>wider in center/base</p></li><li><p>base not indented</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
49
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reniform

  • leaf shape

  • looks like a kidney

  • blade is wider than long


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>looks like a kidney</p></li><li><p>blade is wider than long</p></li></ul><p></p>
50
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oblong

  • leaf shape

  • sides somewhat parallel

  • long


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>sides somewhat parallel</p></li><li><p>long</p></li></ul><p></p>
51
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linear

  • leaf shape

  • very narrow

  • sides parallel


<ul><li><p>leaf shape</p></li><li><p>very narrow</p></li><li><p>sides parallel</p></li></ul><p></p>
52
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entire

  • leaf margins

  • margins without features


<ul><li><p>leaf margins</p></li><li><p>margins without features</p></li></ul><p></p>
53
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serrate

  • leaf margin

  • teeth like a saw blade

  • unequal sides


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>teeth like a saw blade </p></li><li><p>unequal sides</p></li></ul><p></p>
54
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serrulate

  • leaf margin

  • tiny saw teeth


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>tiny saw teeth</p></li></ul><p></p>
55
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doubly serrate

  • leaf margin

  • larger teeth with smaller teeth on them


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>larger teeth with smaller teeth on them</p></li></ul><p></p>
56
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dentate

  • leaf margin

  • toothlike

  • equal sides


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>toothlike </p></li><li><p>equal sides</p></li></ul><p></p>
57
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denticulate

  • leaf margin

  • tiny teeth

  • equal sides


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>tiny teeth </p></li><li><p>equal sides</p></li></ul><p></p>
58
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lobed

  • leaf margin

  • many ways to look this way

  • rounded, spiky, etc.

  • ends with curves in between


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>many ways to look this way</p></li><li><p>rounded, spiky, etc.</p></li><li><p>ends with curves in between</p></li></ul><p></p>
59
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sinuate

  • leaf margin

  • wavy rather than lobed


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>wavy rather than lobed</p></li></ul><p></p>
60
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ciliate

  • leaf margin

  • tiny hairs along margin


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>tiny hairs along margin</p></li></ul><p></p>
61
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crenate

  • leaf margin

  • like sinuate but indents are pointed instead of rounded


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>like sinuate but indents are pointed instead of rounded</p></li></ul><p></p>
62
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crenulate

  • leaf margin

  • tiny crenations


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>tiny crenations</p></li></ul><p></p>
63
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involute

  • leaf margin

  • margins rolled upward (toward face)


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>margins rolled upward (toward face)</p></li></ul><p></p>
64
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revolute

  • leaf margin

  • margins rolled downward (towards back)


<ul><li><p>leaf margin</p></li><li><p>margins rolled downward (towards back)</p></li></ul><p></p>
65
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obtuse

  • leaf apice

  • more than 90 degree angle


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>more than 90 degree angle</p></li></ul><p></p>
66
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acute

  • leaf apice

  • less than 90 degree angle

    • broadly or narrowly


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>less than 90 degree angle</p><ul><li><p>broadly or narrowly</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
67
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acuminate

  • leaf apice

  • much less than 90 degree angle

    • broadly, narrowly, or abruptly


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>much less than 90 degree angle</p><ul><li><p>broadly, narrowly, or abruptly</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
68
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retuse

  • leaf apice

  • indented at tip


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>indented at tip</p></li></ul><p></p>
69
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mucronate

  • leaf apice

  • short stiff point


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>short stiff point</p></li></ul><p></p>
70
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apiculate

  • leaf apice

  • short sharp point


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>short sharp point</p></li></ul><p></p>
71
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cuspidate

  • leaf apice

  • sharp, firm point


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>sharp, firm point</p></li></ul><p></p>
72
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aristate

  • leaf apice

  • bristle tipped


<ul><li><p>leaf apice</p></li><li><p>bristle tipped</p></li></ul><p></p>
73
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rounded

  • leaf base


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li></ul><p></p>
74
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truncate

  • leaf base

  • squared at bottom


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>squared at bottom</p></li></ul><p></p>
75
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clasping

  • leaf base

  • lower part of leaf surrounds stem


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>lower part of leaf surrounds stem</p></li></ul><p></p>
76
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cuneate

  • leaf base

  • looks like upside down triangle


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>looks like upside down triangle</p></li></ul><p></p>
77
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attenuate

  • lef base

  • tapers down into stem into narrow wedge like point


<ul><li><p>lef base</p></li><li><p>tapers down into stem into narrow wedge like point</p></li></ul><p></p>
78
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auriculate

  • leaf base

  • leaf bottom has ear shaped lobes pointing towards stem


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>leaf bottom has ear shaped lobes pointing towards stem</p></li></ul><p></p>
79
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oblique

  • leaf base

  • uneven on each side of the stem


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>uneven on each side of the stem</p></li></ul><p></p>
80
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peltate

  • leaf base

  • stalk or petiole attaches to underside of leaf (like umbrella)


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>stalk or petiole attaches to underside of leaf (like umbrella)</p></li></ul><p></p>
81
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perfoliate

  • leaf base

  • leaf wraps completely around stem so it looks like stem is stabbing through it


<ul><li><p>leaf base</p></li><li><p>leaf wraps completely around stem so it looks like stem is stabbing through it</p></li></ul><p></p>
82
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parallel veins

  • all veins going one direction

  • monocots


<ul><li><p>all veins going one direction</p></li><li><p>monocots</p></li></ul><p></p>
83
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reticulate veins

  • veins in webbed/netted pattern

  • all dicots

  • can be pinnate, palmate, or arcuate


<ul><li><p>veins in webbed/netted pattern</p></li><li><p>all dicots</p></li><li><p>can be pinnate, palmate, or arcuate</p></li></ul><p></p>
84
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glabrous

  • surface feature

  • smooth

  • no features


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>smooth</p></li><li><p>no features</p></li></ul><p></p>
85
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glaucous

  • surface feature

  • covered with microscopic wax crystals

  • can scratch off with finger


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>covered with microscopic wax crystals</p></li><li><p>can scratch off with finger</p></li></ul><p></p>
86
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scabrous

  • surface feature

  • rough texture

  • scab like


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>rough texture</p></li><li><p>scab like</p></li></ul><p></p>
87
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scurfy

  • surface feature

  • scaly


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>scaly</p></li></ul><p></p>
88
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resinous

  • surface feature

  • sticky


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>sticky</p></li></ul><p></p>
89
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papillate

  • surface feature

  • short, rounded projections


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>short, rounded projections</p></li></ul><p></p>
90
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pubescent

  • surface feature

  • general term for hairy


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>general term for hairy</p></li></ul><p></p>
91
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glandular

  • surface feature

  • pubescent with glands on hair


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>pubescent with glands on hair</p></li></ul><p></p>
92
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stellate

  • surface feature

  • pubescent with hairs branching


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>pubescent with hairs branching</p></li></ul><p></p>
93
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uncinate

  • surface feature

  • pubescent with hooks at tips


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>pubescent with hooks at tips</p></li></ul><p></p>
94
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hirsute

  • surface feature

  • coarse hairs


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>coarse hairs</p></li></ul><p></p>
95
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hispid

  • surface feature

  • coarse, stiff hairs


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>coarse, stiff hairs</p></li></ul><p></p>
96
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setose

  • surface feature

  • bristly


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>bristly</p></li></ul><p></p>
97
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strigose

  • surface feature

  • hairs facing towards stem/plant


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>hairs facing towards stem/plant</p></li></ul><p></p>
98
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pilose

  • surface feature

  • long, sparse hairs


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>long, sparse hairs</p></li></ul><p></p>
99
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villous

  • surface feature

  • long, soft, bent hairs

  • not tangled


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>long, soft, bent hairs</p></li><li><p>not tangled</p></li></ul><p></p>
100
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tomentose

  • surface feature

  • tangled, wooly hairs


<ul><li><p>surface feature</p></li><li><p>tangled, wooly hairs</p></li></ul><p></p>