1/100
cumulative!
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai | Chat |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
tree
large, woody plant with secondary branches
supported on main stem or trunk

shrub
smaller, woody plant
multiple stems

forb/herb
non-woody plant
often has flowers
dies back to rootstock post-growing season
self-supporting but not climbing

vine
non-woody plant
climber
dies back to rootstock each growing season

liana
climber with woody stem
not dying back each season
leaves will die but wood stays
ex. poison ivy

grass
herbaceous plant
narrow leaves and inconspicuous flowers

herbaceous
no woody material, entire plant dies
aquatic plant
herbaceous
spends life partially or fully submerged in water

node
where a leaf joins axis

axis
long part of stem

internode
space in between nodes on axis

leaf
composed of blade and petiole

blade
main part of leaf that’s leafy

petiole
stemmy part of leaf

axillary bud
on end of petiole closest to node
bud

margin
edge of leaf

surface
inner part of leaf

adaxial
surface of leaf that faces sun

abaxial
surface of leaf away from sun
distal
upper
proximal
lower
alternate
one leaf per node

opposite
two leaves per node

whorled
3+ leaves per node

simple leaf
single, undivided leaf blade attached to stem by petiole

compound leaf
single leaf whose main blade is divided into 2+ smaller leaflets

bud
condensed rudimentary shoot

axil
junction/space between the stem and leaf

terminal/apical bud
bud that stands alone

axillary bud
buds that may expand into new shoots

palmate compound leaf
compound leaf with all leaflets coming from the same base (like a hand and fingers)

pinnate compound leaf
compound leaf with leaflets coming from different bases

bipinnate leaf
compound leaf where you take 2 turns

tripinnate leaf
compound leaf where you take 3 turns

elliptic
leaf shape
widest at center and gets more narrow at ends
longer leaf

lanceolate
leaf shape
widest near base and gradually becomes more narrow
longer leaf

oblanceolate
leaf shape
widest near apex
longer leaf

oval
leaf shape
widest at center
wider leaf

ovate
leaf shape
“egg shaped”
widest near base
wider leaf

obovate
leaf shape
widest near apex
wider leaf

spatulate
leaf shape
spoon-shaped
longer

falcate
leaf shape
curved along plane
longer

sagittate
leaf shape
looks like arrowhead

hastate
leaf shape
leaf base pointed outwards/indented

orbicular
leaf shape
nearly round

cordate
leaf shape/base
heart-shaped
indented at base

obcordate
leaf shape
heart-shaped
indented at apex

deltoid
leaf shape
shaped like a river delta
concave at apex
wider in center/base
base not indented

reniform
leaf shape
looks like a kidney
blade is wider than long

oblong
leaf shape
sides somewhat parallel
long

linear
leaf shape
very narrow
sides parallel

entire
leaf margins
margins without features

serrate
leaf margin
teeth like a saw blade
unequal sides

serrulate
leaf margin
tiny saw teeth

doubly serrate
leaf margin
larger teeth with smaller teeth on them

dentate
leaf margin
toothlike
equal sides

denticulate
leaf margin
tiny teeth
equal sides

lobed
leaf margin
many ways to look this way
rounded, spiky, etc.
ends with curves in between

sinuate
leaf margin
wavy rather than lobed

ciliate
leaf margin
tiny hairs along margin

crenate
leaf margin
like sinuate but indents are pointed instead of rounded

crenulate
leaf margin
tiny crenations

involute
leaf margin
margins rolled upward (toward face)

revolute
leaf margin
margins rolled downward (towards back)

obtuse
leaf apice
more than 90 degree angle

acute
leaf apice
less than 90 degree angle
broadly or narrowly

acuminate
leaf apice
much less than 90 degree angle
broadly, narrowly, or abruptly

retuse
leaf apice
indented at tip

mucronate
leaf apice
short stiff point

apiculate
leaf apice
short sharp point

cuspidate
leaf apice
sharp, firm point

aristate
leaf apice
bristle tipped

rounded
leaf base

truncate
leaf base
squared at bottom

clasping
leaf base
lower part of leaf surrounds stem

cuneate
leaf base
looks like upside down triangle

attenuate
lef base
tapers down into stem into narrow wedge like point

auriculate
leaf base
leaf bottom has ear shaped lobes pointing towards stem

oblique
leaf base
uneven on each side of the stem

peltate
leaf base
stalk or petiole attaches to underside of leaf (like umbrella)

perfoliate
leaf base
leaf wraps completely around stem so it looks like stem is stabbing through it

parallel veins
all veins going one direction
monocots

reticulate veins
veins in webbed/netted pattern
all dicots
can be pinnate, palmate, or arcuate

glabrous
surface feature
smooth
no features

glaucous
surface feature
covered with microscopic wax crystals
can scratch off with finger

scabrous
surface feature
rough texture
scab like

scurfy
surface feature
scaly

resinous
surface feature
sticky

papillate
surface feature
short, rounded projections

pubescent
surface feature
general term for hairy

glandular
surface feature
pubescent with glands on hair

stellate
surface feature
pubescent with hairs branching

uncinate
surface feature
pubescent with hooks at tips

hirsute
surface feature
coarse hairs

hispid
surface feature
coarse, stiff hairs

setose
surface feature
bristly

strigose
surface feature
hairs facing towards stem/plant

pilose
surface feature
long, sparse hairs

villous
surface feature
long, soft, bent hairs
not tangled

tomentose
surface feature
tangled, wooly hairs
