Insects Quiz 2

What are biorational pesticides?

Pesticides that have fundamentally different modes of action and lower risks of adverse effects than conventional pesticides.

What are traits of reduced risk pesticides?

-Low toxicity
-Low risk of groundwater contamination
-Low pest resistance
-Compatible with IPM

What are the current limitations of biorational/reduced risk pesticides?

-Not reliable
-Shelf life
-Restrictions for applications
-Cost

What are the three types of biorational pesticides?

-Botanical
-Microbial
-Minerals/synthetics

What are botanical pesticides?

Naturally occurring chemicals derived/extracted from plants.

What are microbial pesticides?

Microorganisms or their products that are capable of attacking/killing pests.
-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Viruses/protozoa

What are mineral pesticides?

Minerals mined from the earth and minimally processed.

What are synthetic pesticides?

Minerals that are heated/chemically reacted/mixed with surfactants.

What is the Active Ingredient?

The chemical that kills/is toxic to the insect.

What are inert ingredients?

Parts of formulation that make the A.I. reasonably safe to deliver, usually not directly toxic.

What is the mode of action in insecticides?

The mechanism by which the insecticides kill.

What is the target site?

The physical location within an organism that the insecticide will attack.

What is the route of exposure?

How it gets to the insect.
-Direct contact
-Secondary contact
-Ingested
-Fumigants

What are some biocontrol agents?

-Predators
-Parasitoids
-Pathogens

What is classical control?

Introduction of natural enemies to suppress pests.

What is inundated control?

Mass production/release of natural enemies.

What is inoculative control?

Natural enemies inoculate a crop and control is provided by the offspring later.

What are traits of predatory arthropods?

-Highly mobile
-May be generalists or specialists
-Feed on many victims in lifetime
-Often beetles or spiders

What are traits of parasitoids?

-Feeds externally/internally on host
-Feeds on 1 victim in lifetime
-Usually flies or wasps