Standard 2 Quiz 4 ------ Sectional Conflict----Battles and Turning Points of the Civil War

The Missouri Compromise led to the establishment of free states:

1. Maine

2. Michigan

3. Lowa

4. Wisconsin

Any territory south of the Southern Missouri border was supposed to be slave

The Missouri Compromise led to the establishment of slave states:

1. Missouri

2. Arkansas

3. Florida

4. Texas

Any territory south of the Southern Missouri border was supposed to be free

The Free-Soil Party

• Formed to oppose the expansion of slavery

• Slogan: “free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men”

Free Soil ideology was based on:

1. slavery could not be outlawed in the South

2. the free labor workers in the North and farmers in the West would not be able to compete with the slave labor in the South.

The compromise of 1850

• Allowed California to enter the Union as a free state

• This ended the balance of free and slave states established by the Missouri Compromise and gave free states a majority in the Senate.

• It declared the unorganized territories that did not have governments would be free as well.

• It also let people in the Utah and New Mexico territories decide the issue by popular sovereignty (voting whether to be free or slave.

• The Fugitive Slave Law stated Northerners had to return escaped slaves to their owners

• Runaway posters were used by Southerners as a result of the passage of the Compromise of 1850.

The Kansas- Nebraska Act in 1854

• Allowed popular sovereignty to decide free or slave state

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act did away with the Missouri Compromise.

• It created the Republican Party and led to Bleeding Kansas where abolitionists and supporters of slavery fought.

Charles Summer

• Senator from Massachusetts

• strongly criticized the Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Was attacked by Senator Preston Brooks from SC

The Missouri Compromise, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Resolved the issue of slavery in newly acquired US territories

• The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Compromise of 1850 increased sectionalism.

The Republican Party

• Formed from Northern Democrats who opposed slavery, Whigs, and Free Soil

• (1854) The Republican Party opposed the extension of slavery into new US territories.

Abraham Lincoln

• A former Whig

• Joined the Republican Party

• 1st Republican President

John browns

• Raid at Harper’s Ferry

• An attempt to start a slave rebellion

• Plantation owners feared abolitionists would become more militant

Dred Scott v Standford

• The Supreme Court used the 5th Amendment to rule that Mr. Scott must be returned to the South because a slave owner cannot be deprived of his “property” without due process of the law

• This decision struck down the Missouri Compromise because it wiped out the difference between free and slave states.

The election of 1860

• Abraham Lincoln

• Caused Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America

Border states (slave states)

• Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri

• Strayed with the Union

  Southern States

• West Virginia would secede from Virginia and stay with the Union

• Southern states that supported slavery chose to secede from the Union

The First Shots of the Civil War

• Happened at: Fort Sumter, South Carolina

• Took place to protect Confederate troops

• South had a home field advantage of knowing the terrain

Strategies of the South

• The South used “King cotton” as a strategy to convince Britain and France to support the South due to their dependence upon Southern cotton.

Strategies of the North

The North used the following strategy:

• (1) divide the South at the Mississippi

  River

• (2) destroy the economy of the South by preventing it from trading with Europe

• (3) settle the West through the Homestead Act and the Transcontinental Railroad

• Takes the battles into the South

The North additional advantages

• greater manufacturing capacity (guns, textiles, and shoes)

• steamboats and canals

• better technologies (more railroads and telegraph lines)

• The North also had better political leadership

Anaconda Plan

• Sought to cut Confederate territory in half at the Mississippi

  River and isolate Texas by blockading ports including New Orleans.

• The Anaconda Plan also wanted to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond.

The First battle of Bull Run

• July 21, 1861

• A Confederate victory showed this would be a long war

Blockades

• Were first used by the North to hinder Southern supply lines

• Deprive the South of money and resources (weapons)

The Battle of New Orleans

• Gave the North control of the port

The Battle of Antietam

• Was the Souths first attempt to invade the North

• The Bloodiest single day of the war

• 22,000 casualties

• This battle caused Great Britain and France to remain neutral.

The Emancipation Proclamation

• Freed slaves in the states and territories not under Union control.

• It served four purposes:

• (1) all slaves in rebelling states are free,

• (2) Freedmen could join the US Colored Troops

• (3) it stated the purpose of the war was slavery

• (4) deprived the South of its free labor.

The Battle of Gettysburg

• (a Union victory) lasted three days

• Was a turning point in the war and ended any hope of the South invading the North.

The Siege of Vicksburg

• Gave the Union control of the Mississippi River

• Cut off Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas from the South

The Battle of Atlanta and the March to the Sea

• Allowed the North to use “total war” (all resources and infrastructure are destroyed) against the South.

African Americans serving in the Union Army

• Faced discrimination

• Lower pay than whites

• Higher mortality rates than whites.

The 54th Massachusetts

• A black military unit fought at the Battle of Fort Wagner near James Island, South Carolina.

• Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1965.