Module 46 ~ humanistic theories and trait theories

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Motivation structured in levels from basic to complex.

Self-actualization

Fulfilling one's potential and personal growth.

Self-transcendence

Finding meaning beyond oneself and personal identity.

Rogers' person-centered perspective

Focus on inherent goodness and self-actualizing tendencies.

Unconditional positive regard

Acceptance without judgment, fostering personal growth.

Genuineness

Openness and transparency in expressing feelings.

Empathy

Understanding and reflecting others' feelings and meanings.

Self-concept

Thoughts and feelings about one's identity.

Positive self-concept

Leads to positive actions and perceptions.

Negative self-concept

Results in dissatisfaction and unhappiness.

Humanistic psychology

Focuses on individual experiences and personal growth.

Evaluating humanistic theories

Critiqued for vagueness and lack of scientific rigor.

Trait theories

Define personality through stable behavior patterns.

Gordon Allport

Pioneer in defining personality through characteristic behaviors.

MBTI tests

Personality assessments based on Carl Jung's types.

Factor analysis

Identifies clusters of related traits in assessments.

Eysenck's dimensions

Personality reduced to extraversion and emotional stability.

Extraversion

Tendency to seek stimulation and social interaction.

Introversion

Preference for low stimulation environments.

Big Five factors

Model of personality traits: OCEAN.

Openness

Range from practical to imaginative preferences.

Conscientiousness

Spectrum from disorganized to disciplined behavior.

Agreeableness

Scale from ruthless to helpful interpersonal traits.

Neuroticism

Emotional stability versus instability in personality.