Animal cells 𝜗ৎ

What organelles does an animal cell have?

Nucleus

Mitochondria

Ribosome

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi body

Lysosomes

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Function of the nucleus

Largest organelle in the cell - contains genetic information which codes for protein synthesis

Structure of nucleus

Nuclear envelope of

Nucleoplasm

Nucleolus

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane with pores to allow the transport of mRNA and ribosomes out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Nucleoplasm

Cytoplasm like material which contain chromatin - which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division

Nucleolus

Small spherical body that synthesises ribosomal RNA

Function of mitochondria

Release ATP energy during aerobic respiration

Structure of mitochondria

Outer/ inner/inter membrane

Cristae

Matrix

Ribosome

Circle of DNA.

Outer/ inner/inter membrane

Double membrane with a narrow, fluid-filled inter membrane space

Cristae

Inner membrane folds into Cristal which increases surface area for ATP production

Matrix

Contains enzymes - stages of aerobic respiration occur here

Ribosomes

Small 70s ribosomes for ATP production

Circle of DNA

Allows self replication

Function of ribosomes

Synthesise proteins by reading the code on mRNA in the cytoplasm ( translation ) - some attach to the RER for protein secretion

Structure of ribosome

Large subunit

Small subunit

What are the subunits made of

rRNA and protein

Where are ribosomes typically found

Free in the cytoplasm

Associated with rough endoplasmic reticulum

Function of Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Protein synthesis + transport of proteins

Structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Network of flattened membrane sacs ( cisternae ) connected to the nuclear envelope - studded with ribosomes

Function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Building + transporting lipids - prominent in cells loaded with carbohydrates, proteins, or fats

Function of Golgi body

Modifying + packaging proteins into secretory vesicles for secretion from the cell by exocytosis

Producing glycoprotein

Forming lysosomes

Structure of Golgi body

Network of interconnected flattened sacs, receives protein filled vesicles from the RER

Structure of lysosomes

Single membrane sacs packed with hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes made by Golgi body

Why are these enzymes kept separate

Safety of the cell and then unleashed to break down old cell parts or infested materials eg bacteria

Function of Centrioles

During cell division centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell forming spindles - crucial role in ensuring equal distribution of genetic material

Structure of centrioles

Cylindrical organelles composed of micro tubes positioned at right angles