Antebellum Era Reform Movement

What made American society change and challenged traditional values

massive influx of immigrants

What is a movement that focused on becoming more in tune with nature

Transcendent Alism

What did transcendentalists see as a source of deep personal human inspiration and not for economic growth

Nature

what did the market revolution do that angered transcendentalists?

exploited natural resources

a transcendentalist writer who emphasized that people should become one with nature in order to develop a better relationship with God

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Who wrote the book Walden?

Henry David Thoreau

Who encouraged people to develop connections with nature and is considered the pioneer of environmentalist movement?

Henry David Thoreau

Who wrote the essay “On Civil Disobedience” which established him as an advocate for nonviolent protest?

Henry David Thoreau

Who spent a night in jail because he refused to pay a tax that supported the Mexican American War?

Henry David Thoreau

Who were the first Americans to inspire the “Environmentalist Movements” of the 20th century and “Utopian Societies”?

transcendentalists

What were the Goals of Utopian Societies?

1. create communities to improve lives of people during the Market revolution

2. provide a solution to the social and economic inequalities created by the market revolution

2 Utopian Societies

1. Brook Farm

2. New harmony

an experimental community or “commune” in Massachusetts that attracted creativity and intellectuals like Ralph Waldo Emerson who lived there, but ended due to a fire in 1849

Brook Farm

experimental Utopian Society in Indiana in 1825

New Harmony

Types of Reform Movements

1. temperance (alcohol ban)

2. prison and asylum reform (mental illness)

3. education

4. abolitionist movement (end slavery)

5. women’s rights

What was a religious revival movement in 1820s that allowed women and minorities to actively participate

The Second Great Awakening

What preacher was was popular in New York during the 1820s?

Charles Finney

What area became known as the “BURNED OVER DISTRICT” due to Finney’s sermons on hell, fire, and brimstone religious revival designed to burn over the Irish Catholics there?

western New York

What had the goal to ban alcohol and thought it would help improve crime and and poverty and domestic violence?

TEMPERANCE CRUSADE

What was founded in 1826 that opposed the manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol?

American Society for the Promotion of Temperance

What did Temperance reformers blame alcohol consumption on?

German and Irish Immigration

Temperance reform gained strength during the Industrial Revolution (1870-1920) and eventually led to what Amendment?

18th Amendment in 1920 which temporarily banned alcohol nationwide

What emerged during the 1820s to call attention to the increasing number of people in prisons and the mentally ill?

Prison and Asylum Reform

Who began a national movement in favor of more humane treatment for mentally ill who were often found in overcrowded and unsanitary prisons and led to building mental hospitals to treat mental illness?

Dorothea Dix

Who was the head of the Massachusetts Board of Education that became a leading advocate of the public school movement and also helped set up a school for immigrants?

Horace Mann

What gained momentum after women participated in the Second Great Awakening, temperance reform, and abolitionist movement?

Women’s Rights Movement

What was the view of women that they were the moral leaders of the home by managing the household and taking care of children?

CULT of DOMESTICITY

Who resented the way men treated women as 2nd class citizens who were denied political opportunities during the Abolitionist crusade?

Reformers

Who objected to male opposition to their antislavery activities and wrote the “LETTER of the CONDITION of WOMEN and the EQUALITY of the SEXES?

Sarah and Angelina Grimke

Who began campaigning for women’s rights after they were denied the opportunity to speak at an antislavery convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

What was the first women’s rights convention in US history where 250 men and women met to discuss women’s rights?

Seneca Falls Convention

What was the document called that listed the grievances of women written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton that modeled the Declaration of Independence?

Declaration of Sentiments

What were the grievances listed in the DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS?

women couldn’t vote or own property

What was the key to unlocking the door to political, social, and economic equality?

SUFFRAGE (the right to vote)

Who was a women’s suffrage advocate who was arrested in 1872 for voting and supported the national suffrage amendment?

Susan B. Anthony

Who was an abolitionist and women’s suffragist who believed in equality between the sexes and organized the Seneca Falls Convention?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

What was the 19th Amendment to the constitution in 1920?

women’s right to vote

Who was the 19th amendment named in honor of her devotion to the movement?

Susan B. Anthony

What was the abolitionist movement?

anti-slavery

Who was a radical abolitionist in 1831 who published an abolitionist newspaper?

William Lloyd Garrison

What was the abolitionist newspaper called?

The Liberator

Who created the anti-slavery society which called for an end to slavery?

William Lloyd Garrison

What was formed in 1833 because women were not allowed to actively participate in the American Anti-Slavery Society?

The Female Anti-Slavery Society

Who could speak about the brutality of slavery first hand because he lost his legs because of it and called for immediate end to slavery?

Frederick Douglass

Who gave the “Ain’t a Woman Speech” in 1851?

Sojourner Truth

Abolitionists who advocated for the IMMEDIATE UNCOMPENSATED emancipation of slaves

Militant Factions

Abolitionists who advocated for the GRADUAL or COMPENSATED emancipation of slaves

Moderate Factions

Abolitionists who advocated that slaves VIOLENTLY end slavery

Radical Abolitionists

Who was a radical abolitionist who wrote WALKER’s APPEAL which encouraged slaves to kill or be killed

David Walker

What was the largest slave rebellion in US history where nearly 200 people were killed and lasted 2 days?

Nat Turner’s Rebelllion

What does Antebellum Reform mean?

the reform that took place BEFORE the civil war which was a war between the north and the south that including all these reforms (women, prison, slaves, alcohol)

Who feared the abolitionist reform?

Southerners

Southern states passed laws denying rights to slaves called what?

Slave codes

Southern states passed laws restricting the rights to African Americans called what?

Black codes

What did members of congress create that did not allow discussion or debating on slavery issues from 1836-1844?

The GAG RULE