Ultimate D278 Scripting and Programming Foundations

Which operator should be used to determine if a number is evenly divisible by 5?

%

3 multiple choice options

A car drove 200 miles using 10 gallons of fuel.

Which operation should be used to compute the miles per gallon, which is 20?

Division

3 multiple choice options

A variable should hold a person's height in meters.

Which data type should the variable be?

Float

3 multiple choice options

A variable should hold the names of all past U.S. presidents.

Which data type should the variable be?

String array

3 multiple choice options

A program uses the number of seconds in a minute in various calculations.

How should the item that holds the number of seconds in a minute be declared?

Constant integer secondsPerMinute

3 multiple choice options

A program determines if a user's age is high enough to run for U.S. president. The minimum age requirement is 35.

How should the item that holds the minimum age be declared?

Constant integer minAge

3 multiple choice options

Given integer x = 3 and integer y = 5.

What is the value of the expression ( x / 2.0) + y?

6.5

3 multiple choice options

Given float x = 10.2 and float y = 1.0.

What is the value of the expression x / y ?

10.2

3 multiple choice options

What kind of operator is the == in the expression i == 20?

Equality

3 multiple choice options

What is the purpose of parentheses () in a programming expression?

To group expressions

3 multiple choice options

Given float x = 3.0.

Which expression evaluates to 2.0?

x / 2 + 0.5 /2 + .25

3 multiple choice options

Which expression evaluates to true only when the user is within 3 years of 21 years, given a variable x containing a user's age?

( x >= 18) and ( x <= 24)

3 multiple choice options

Which data type is used for items that are measured in length?

Float

3 multiple choice options

Which data type should be used to keep track of how many planes are in a hangar?

Integer

3 multiple choice options

A function should convert hours and minutes to seconds, such as converting 1 hour and 10 minutes to 4,200 seconds.

What should be the input to the function?

Hours and minutes

3 multiple choice options

A function returns a number x cubed. For example, if x is 3, the function returns 3 * 3 * 3, or 27.

What should be the input to the function?

x

3 multiple choice options

A function calculates the weight difference (Diff) given two sample weights (S1 and S2).

What should be the output from the function?

Diff

3 multiple choice options

function P(integer x) returns integer y

y = 2 * x

What does P(5) evaluate to?

10

3 multiple choice options

Function F()

Put "Hey" to output

What entire output appears after three successive calls to F()?

HeyHeyHey

3 multiple choice options

What is a valid user-defined function name?

Any valid identifier

3 multiple choice options

A function MyFct has an input x and an output z.

What does MyFct return?

z only

3 multiple choice options

What is the return value of a function?

Output of a function

3 multiple choice options

A program should continue accepting input numbers, adding each to a sum, until a 0 is input.

Which control structure should be used?

While loop

3 multiple choice options

Joe is building an online game. He wants to provide a riddle and have the player guess the answer. The game needs to prompt the user to enter the answer, check to see if it the input provided does not match the correct answer, and continue prompting the user until the answer entered matches the correct answer.

Which control structure supports Joe's needs?

Do-while loop

3 multiple choice options

What is put to output by the following pseudocode:

x = 3

do

Put x to output

Put " " to output

x = x - 1

while x > 0

3 2 1

3 multiple choice options

A programmer has developed the following code:

count = 0

while count is less than 5:

print 'Hello'

What is the result of implementing this code?

'Hello' will print indefinitely.

3 multiple choice options

What is the loop expression in the following pseudocode?

i = 0

while i < 20

Put i to output

i = i + 1

i<20

3 multiple choice options

What is the loop variable initialization in the following pseudocode?

y = 0

s = 100.0

while y < 10

s = s + (s * 5.0)

y = y + 1

y = 0

3 multiple choice options

Order the steps needed to output the minimum of x and y from first (1) to last (4).

A Declare variable min

B Put min to output

C min = x

D If y < min, set min = y

ACDB

3 multiple choice options

Order the steps needed to calculate speed in miles per hour given a start and end location and time traveled in hours from first (1) to last (4).

A Put speedMph to output

B Declare variables distMiles and speedMph

C distMiles = endLocation - startLocation

D speedMph = distMiles / timeHours

BCDA

3 multiple choice options

Order the tasks needed to create a pyramid (large on bottom, small on top) on a table from first (1) to last (4).

A Place largest shape.

B Clear table

C Place smallest shape.

D Place middle-sized shape.

BADC

3 multiple choice options

What does the following algorithm determine?

if x == y

z = 1

else

z = 0

Whether x and y are the same

3 multiple choice options

What does the following algorithm accomplish?

x = Get next input

if x == -1

Put "Goodbye" to output

Outputs Goodbye when user types -1

3 multiple choice options

What does an output of 1 indicate for the following algorithm running on a five-element list of integers?

i = 0

x = 0

while i < 5

if list[i] < 0

x = 1

i = i + 1

Put x to output

At least one integer is negative

3 multiple choice options

When should a programmer develop an algorithm to solve a problem?

Before writing a program to solve the problem

3 multiple choice options

Which text represents an algorithm?

Insert key, turn key, open door

3 multiple choice options

Which text represents an algorithm?

Shake bulb; if it rattles, replace it

3 multiple choice options

An algorithm should output "OK" if a list's numbers are all non-zero, else the output is "Not OK."

Which test is a valid test of the algorithm?

Input 99, 0, 5. Ensure output is "Not OK."

3 multiple choice options

Which elements are characteristic of a class diagram?

System's classes, attributes, and methods and their features, constraints, and relationships

3 multiple choice options

Which phase of a waterfall approach would create a sequence diagram that specifies the required order of events between completed program components?

Design

3 multiple choice options

Which phase of an agile approach would define a hypothesis to find a problem in a program?

Testing

3 multiple choice options

Which phase of an agile approach would create an executable program?

Implementation

3 multiple choice options

Which phase of an agile approach would create a list of components needed to build an online auction site?

Design

3 multiple choice options

Which phase of a waterfall approach defines a program's goals?

Analysis

3 multiple choice options

After a programmer is done writing a program, another person runs the program hundreds of times, each time with different input, checking that each run yields correct output.

Which phase of a waterfall approach is the person carrying out?

Testing

3 multiple choice options

A programmer decides a program should convert U.S. units to metric units and decides to write the program in C++ using several functions.

Which phase of a waterfall approach is occurring when the programmer starts writing the program?

Implementation

3 multiple choice options

A company has a new project it wishes to implement to track and analyze employee and customer interactions. The company leadership determines that the system should support direct data entry as well as automated data capture of phone calls and emails.

Which phase of the waterfall process is occurring?

Analysis

3 multiple choice options

A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. The customer provides feedback, which causes the programmer to change the goals of the program.

In which phase of an agile approach are goals changed based on customer feedback?

Analysis

3 multiple choice options

A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer begins writing a second version of the program.

In which phase of an agile approach does the writing of a second version of the program occur?

Implementation

3 multiple choice options

A programmer shows a program's first version to a customer. Based on feedback, the programmer creates a second version, and then has a colleague run the second version on numerous inputs to ensure outputs are correct.

Which phase of an agile approach is that colleague carrying out?

Testing

3 multiple choice options

A programmer is currently programming the fourth version of a program. Each version has additional features to satisfy more customers.

In which phase of an agile approach does the programming of the fourth version occur?

Implementation

3 multiple choice options

What does a programmer do first to use an existing programming library?

Include the library

3 multiple choice options

What relationship is common among a programming library's functions?

Functions all relate to the same purpose

3 multiple choice options

What is an advantage of using a programming library?

The code has already been tested

3 multiple choice options

Which language is dynamically typed?

Python

3 multiple choice options

Which language is not built on object-oriented design principles?

C

3 multiple choice options

A language substantially supports a programmer creating items like person, teacher, and students. Each item has internal data and some operations.

Which characteristic describes that language?

Object-oriented

3 multiple choice options

A programmer wants a compiler to report an error if an integer variable is assigned with a string.

Which kind of language should the programmer use?

Statically typed

3 multiple choice options

A language uses tags around text to indicate how that text should be formatted.

Which characteristic describes a language having such tags?

Markup

3 multiple choice options

What is a characteristic of a compiled language?

Converts to machine language before running

3 multiple choice options

What is a characteristic of an interpreted language?

Runs easily on different kinds of machines

3 multiple choice options

What is an advantage of interpreted programs?

They can be modified at run time

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic specifically describes a markup language?

Tags surround text to describe desired formatting

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic specifically describes interpreted languages?

They can be run one statement at a time

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic specifically describes interpreted languages?

They can run on any machine having the right interpreter

3 multiple choice options

Program

Consists of instructions executing one at a time.

Input

A program gets data, perhaps from a file, keyboard, touchscreen, network, etc.

Process

A program performs computations on that data, such as adding two values like x + y.

Output

A program puts that data somewhere, such as to a file, screen, network, etc.

Variables

To refer to data, like x.

Algorithm

A sequence of instructions that solves a problem.

Flowchart

A graphical language for creating or viewing computer programs.

Run execute

Carrying out a program's statements.

String literal

Consists of text (characters) within double quotes, as in "Go #57!".

Characters

Any letter (a-z, A-Z), digit (0-9), or symbol (~, !, @, etc.).

Newline

A two-character sequence \n whose appearance in an output string literal causes the cursor to move to the next output line.

Comment

Text a programmer adds to a program, to be read by humans to better understand the code, but ignored by the program when executing.

Whitespace

Refers to blank spaces (space and tab characters) between items within a statement, and to newlines.

Moore's Law

Engineers have reduced switch sizes by half about every 2 years.

Assignment statement

Assigns a variable with a value, such as x = 5.

Variable declaration

Specifies the variable's name and type.

Integer

Can hold whole number values, like 1, 999, 0, or -25 (but not 3.5 or 0.001).

Naming conventions

A set of style guidelines defined by a company, team, teacher, etc., for naming variables.

Lower camel case

Capitalizing each word except the first, as in numApples or peopleOnBus.

Expression

A combination of items, like variables, literals, operators, and parentheses, that evaluates to a value. Ex: 2 * (x + 1) is an expression. If x is 3, the expression evaluates to the value 8.

Incremental development

The process of writing, compiling, and testing a small amount of code, then writing, compiling, and testing a small amount more, and so on.

Operator

A symbol that performs a built-in calculation, like + which performs addition.

Arguments

Any function input values, appear within ( ), and are separated by commas if more than one.

Parameter

A function input specified in a function definition.

Loop

A program that repeatedly executes statements while the expression is true; when false, execution proceeds past.

Pseudocode

Text that resembles a program in a real programming language but is simplified to aid human understanding.

if else

A decision and its two branches. Because IF the decision's expression is true then the first branch executes, ELSE the second branch executes.

Boolean

A type that has just two values: true or false.

While loop

A loop that repeatedly executes the loop body while the loop's expression evaluates to true.

For loop

A loop with three parts at the top: a loop variable initialization, a loop expression, and a loop variable update.

Do While loop

A loop that first executes the loop body's statements, then checks the loop condition.

Array

An ordered list of items of a given data type.

Function call

Consists of the function name and parentheses, within which comma-separated arguments (if any) appear.

Analysis

This first SDLC phase determines the goals and requirements for a system.

Design

This second SDLC phase defines specifics of how to build a program.