5070 Unit 3 Quiz

Are generally responsive to prescriptive behavioral treatments

Which one of the following statements regarding common behavior problems presented in primary care is true? These behavior problems:

One tail of the population normal distribution

Applied behavior analysis has demonstrated great success in applications relating to _____ but Dr. Friman suggests that remaining true to the vision of B.F. Skinner requires behavior analysts to extend the principles of behavior beyond our current limits

Ethical considerations

Which of the following was not discussed as linked to the stigmatization of psychologists and psychiatrists in the mainstream?

Behavior is a function of its circumstances

Dr. Friman refers to the core of behavior analysis - that is, the thing we hold as our organizing principle, and which we must keep relevant in all interactions, regardless of the language we use to disseminate our knowledge based on that core principle. That core is as follows:

Passage of time

Time-based grounding can be problematic because release from time-based grounding is based on:

5-years old and sucks their thumb during kindergarten class

Which of the following thumb sucking scenarios is most likely to require pediatric behavior treatment? When the child is:

Health education

Which of the following is the best intervention when parents are having difficulty dealing with the crying episodes of their infant daughter?

allergies, steroids, stress

Which of these was noted as a variable that changes the sperm behavior?

Ethical considerations

Which of the following was not discussed as linked to the stigmatization of psychologists and psychiatrists in the mainstream?

Able to use buttons and zippers

All of the following are signs of physical readiness for toileting, except:

3 multiple choice options

Bladder

"Holding self' would be one indication of which aspect of toileting readiness?

bedtime pass

Escape extinction and DRA were most closely associated with which of Dr. Friman's described programs?

Supportive health education

Which of the following is one of the two main areas of interventions used in behavioral pediatrics in primary care?

Prescriptive Treatment

Which of the following is one of the two main interventions used in behavioral pediatrics in primary care?

Poor appetite/picky eating

One of the most common behavior problems with 3-year-old boys in the general population is:

Passage of time

Time-based grounding can be problematic because release from time-based grounding is based on:

Parents

Who ranked the hardest to solve behavior problems in 3-year-old children?

Uncommon/strange behavior problems

Which of the following is not one of the domains of care in behavioral pediatrics in primary care?

A reminder fluid

According to Dr. Friman, use of an aversive tasting substance placed on the thumb to reduce thumb sucking is best characterized to caregivers as:

Common behavior problems

The 3 domains of behavioral pediatrics in primary care that are listed by Dr. Friman are as follows: (1) behavior problems with significant medical dimensions, (2) medical problems with significant behavioral dimensions, and (3) ________.

Common parenting tactics (employed by society at large) are often ineffective AND Childhood behavior problems arise primarily from skill deficits, not pathologies-- so are not covered by insurance

Parents are "on their own" to deal with common behavioral issues because: (select all that apply.)

Supportive health education and prescriptive treatment

Interventions in behavioral pediatrics generally fall into which of the two following categories?

A lack of time, training, and inclination by the doctor

What did Dr. Friman discuss as the likely reason(s) for the significant lack of discussion of childhood behavior problems during pediatric visits with the physician?

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following behavior problems are commonly reported in primary pediatric care?

3 multiple choice options

Sperm concentration is critical for conception and sperm concentration has been declining in US men

Why is spermatogenesis (male fertility) relevant to behavior analysis?

Health education

What is one of the best interventions for early infant crying episodes?

On the entire office visit

Studies show that during pediatric visits, a range of 11 - 15 minutes, on average, are spent:

Phobia

Dr. Friman referenced Estes and Skinner (1941), who characterized anxiety as "conditioned suppression"; this is directly related to the behavior of a person experiencing a ____.

Proprioceptive

"Holding self' would be one indication of which aspect of toileting readiness?

Is assigned menial tasks at home that must be completed to end grounding

In job-based grounding, contingent upon misbehavior, the older child:

Sperm concentration

In the fertility study discussed by Dr. Friman, one of the primary dependent variables measured was:

DRA with escape extinction

The bedtime pass program may reduce bedtime resistance without producing an extinction burst because it is functionally a:

Prevention

What is the primary emphasis of behavioral pediatrics in primary care?

What was B.F. Skinner’s vision for behavior analysis?

Behavior analysis as a broad science using the scientific approach to address concerns in everyday life.

In what areas has ABA made significant contributions? (Select all that apply)

b. Reducing Self-Injury, c. Challenges related to Autism, e. Deinstitutionalization.

According to Dr. Friman, what is behavior analysis?

Scientifically identifying the environmental events that determine behavior.

What is the "core" of behavior analysis according to Dr. Friman?

The idea that the environment is a large determinant of behavior

What is behavioral pediatrics in primary care?

The application of behavioral analysis and developmental psychology to child behavioral problems in primary care settings.

What is the major emphasis in behavioral pediatrics?

Prevention over cure or rehabilitation.

What are the two types of intervention in behavioral pediatrics?

Supportive health education and prescriptive treatment.

What are the three domains of care in behavioral pediatrics?

Common behavior problems, behavior problems with significant medical dimensions, and medical problems with significant behavioral dimensions.

Approximately what percentage of primary care visits involve behavior problems?

50%.

How does Dr. Friman describe common behavior problems?

High-frequency, low-intensity problems responsive to behavioral treatment.

Why are parents "on their own" to address common behavior problems?

Because common problems are skill deficits, not pathologies.

What is the "rule of thirds" in parenting tactics?

Parents typically use tactics like ignoring, warning, yelling, or spanking, with about a third of methods working temporarily.

What is the "gap" in behavioral healthcare for children?

The lack of services for behavioral problems that don’t require medical treatment but aren’t severe enough for traditional mental health services.

Why might pediatricians not address common behavior problems? (Select all that apply)

a. Limited or no time, c. Limited or no training, d. Lack of inclination.

Why might parents avoid mental health services for common behavior problems?

Due to stigma, risk of over-interpretation (unnecessary psychopathology diagnosis), and variable service quality.

What is "over-interpretation" in clinical practice?

Treating common problems as though they were part of deeper psychological issues.

What are the two categories of behavioral pediatrics for common behavior problems?

Supportive health education and prescriptive treatment.

How do children learn, according to Dr. Friman?

Through repetition with contrast (change in experience)

What determines the direction of learning (behavior increasing or decreasing)?

The quality of contrast (pleasant or unpleasant experience).

What determines the need for repetition in learning?

The quantity (size) of contrast (large or small change in experience).

Why does Dr. Friman use colloquial terms like "reward" instead of "positive reinforcement"?

To make the concepts more accessible and appropriate for caregivers.

What is the most effective treatment for bedtime resistance?

Escape extinction (ignoring).

Why are parents often reluctant to use escape extinction for bedtime resistance?

Due to the extinction burst (temporary increase in problematic behavior).

What is the bedtime pass technique?

A 1-time pass the child can use to leave their bedroom after bedtime, exchanged for a small reward the next morning.

When should thumb/finger sucking be addressed?

When it causes tissue damage or occurs in socially significant settings (e.g., school for a child over 6).

What is the "taste treatment" for thumb sucking?

Applying a bitter "reminder fluid" to the nails to reduce sucking behavior.

Why is time-based grounding problematic?

It sets up problematic contingencies (no effort required for release) and may function as an establishing operation for misbehavior.

What is job-based grounding?

Assigning menial tasks for misbehavior; grounding ends when tasks are completed.

What is the most effective treatment for simple phobias?

Exposure and response prevention (behavioral synonym: escape extinction).

Why is male fertility (spermatogenesis) relevant to behavior analysis?

Sperm are organisms that behave in an environment; environmental changes (e.g., temperature) can influence their behavior.

What variable did Dr. Friman manipulate in his male fertility study?

Fit of underwear (loose vs. tight) to alter testicular temperature.

What is a key variable to manipulate to reduce littering?

Effort (e.g., proximity of ashtrays to doors).

Q: What mainstream topics did Dr. Friman suggest for behavior analytic study?

Depression, sleep problems, traffic behavior, medical compliance, etc.

What did Richman et al. (1985) and Earls (1980) find about behavior problems in 3-year-olds?

Night wetting, poor appetite, and fears were top problems for girls; night wetting, day wetting, and soiling were top for boys.

What did Bergman et al. (1966) find about pediatricians' time with patients?

Average office visit time was 11 minutes (13 for well-child visits, 8 for respiratory illness).

What did Reisinger & Bires (1980) find about anticipatory guidance time in pediatrics?

Time spent decreased with age (e.g., 97 sec for infants 0-5mo, 7 sec for teens 13-18yo).

What did Brazelton (1962) find about infant crying patterns?

Infants cry 1.5–2.5 hrs/day in the first 4–8 weeks, peaking in late afternoon/evening.

What was Azrin & Foxx’s (1971) rapid toilet training method for institutionalized individuals?

Used fluid loading, scheduled sits, and positive reinforcement for continence.

What did Friman et al. (1999) find about the bedtime pass technique?

Reduced bedtime crying/leaving while being more socially acceptable than escape extinction.

What was the "drink up-undress-play and pay" toilet training program?

1. Drink up – Increase fluids to create learning opportunities.

2. Play & Pay – Use rewards (e.g., games) for successful toileting.

What did Friman et al. (1986) find about taste treatment for thumb sucking?

Bitter "reminder fluid" reduced sucking, especially when paired with child collaboration (not punishment).

What did Sanger & Friman (1990) study regarding underwear fit and sperm count?

• Tight briefs → Lower sperm concentration (~50 million/mL).

• Loose boxers → Higher sperm concentration (~100 million/mL).

• Used an ABAB design to show reversibility.

Why is sperm concentration declining in the U.S.?

Environmental factors (heat, stress, clothing tightness) affect testicular temperature.

Why is time-based grounding ineffective compared to job-based grounding?

• Time-based: No effort required; may increase resentment.

• Job-based: Release contingent on task completion (e.g., cleaning windows).