Albright DE - Chapter 25 Review

What was the most important factor that drew rural people off the farms and into the big cities during the period 1865 - 1900?

A) The availability of industrial jobs

All of the following characterized the New Immigrants who came to the United States from 1880 to 1900 EXCEPT that...

D) they made substantial efforts to convert Americans to Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, or Judaism

What vital function did big-city political bosses and their machines perform in managing the social and economic demands of the new urban environment?

B) They provided jobs and social services to many urban immigrants in exchange for political support that permitted New Immigrants to raise a family, earn a livelihood, and escape abject poverty.

All of the following characterized the settlement-house movement led by leaders like Jane Addams, Lillian Wald, and Florence Kelley EXCEPT that it...

D) studiously avoided becoming involved in international efforts to advance worldwide peace and condemn war

Which of the following was NOT a reason that many labor unions favored government-imposed restrictions on immigration?

E) Immigrants were not willing or able to work in factory environments

Which of the following represents the best example of liberal Protestantism's efforts to accommodate religion to modern scientific theories such as Darwinism?

D) Proclaiming that Darwinism was an updated, authentic, and grander revelation of the ways of God

Which were the two major sources of funding for the powerful new American research universities?

B) State land grants and wealthy philanthropic industrialists

What was the most important reason why Americans offered increasing support for the establishment of a free public education system?

B) Because Americans accepted the idea that a free government and a republic cannot function effectively without educated citizens

Which statement best reflects the different approaches of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois toward black education?

A) W.E.B. Dubois believed that African Americans should develop a talented tenth, while Booker T. Washington emphasized manual labor and industrial training for African Americans

How did American newspaper publishers expand their circulation and attract public attention in the late nineteenth century?

E) Printing sensationalist stories of sex, corruption, and scandal

What development prompted American novelists' turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism?

D) The materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society

By 1900, a new generation of woman suffrage advocates emphasized all of the following EXCEPT...

B) forming strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights

The "City Beautiful" movement, exemplified at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, fused American and European architecture by...

D) crowding buildings into small spaces, foregoing parks and public spaces.

All of the following are related EXCEPT...

B) founding of the Women's Christian Temperance Union.

Jane Addams

1860-1935; Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom; the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

Charles Darwin

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality

W. E. B. Du Bois

fought for African American rights. Helped to found Niagra Movement in 1905 to fight for and establish equal rights; this movement later led to the establishment of the NAACP

Joseph Pulitzer

United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911); He used yellow journalism in competition with Hearst to sell more newspapers; he also achieved the goal of becoming a leading national figure of the Democratic Party

William Randolph Hearst

A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism"

John Dewey

Pragmatism; He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education; he believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard"

Carrie Chapman Catt

(1859-1947) A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance; Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920

Horatio Alger

Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work

Mark Twain

United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about "Tom Sawyer and "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" (1835-1910)

Henry James

American writer who lived in England; wrote numerous novels around the theme of the conflict between American innocence and European sophistication/corruption, with an emphasis on the psychological motivations of the characters; famous for his novel Washington Square and his short story "The Turn of the Screw"

Winslow Homer

(1836-1910) Boston-born artist who excelled in portraying New England's pastoral farms and swelling seas in the native realist style; known for his seascapes of New England

Augustus Saint-Gaudens

born to an Irish mother and French father; adopted American; most gifted American sculptor one of his most moving works is the Robert Gould Shaw memorial

Frederick Law Olmsted

Designer of New York City's Central Park, who wanted cities that exposed people to the beauties of nature; one of his projects, the Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893, gave a rise to the influential "City Beautiful" movement

New Immigrants

Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe

Settlement Houses

Community centers located in the slums and near tenements that gave aid to the poor, especially immigrants

Liberal Protestants

Members of a branch of Protestantism that flourished from 1875 to 1925 and encouraged followers to use the Bible as a moral compass rather than to believe that the Bible represented scientific or historical truth. Many Liberal Protestants became active in the "social gospel" and other reform movements of the era

Tuskegee Institute

Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper

Land-grant Colleges

Public universities founded to broaden educational opportunities and foster technical and scientific expertise. These universities were funded by the Morrill Act, which authorized the sale of federal lands to raise money for higher education

Pragmatism

A way of thinking or an attitude that stresses the value of being practical, realistic, and useful, developed by William James and John Dewey

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

The major organization for suffrage for women, it was founded in 1890 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Supported the Wilson administration during World War Iand split with the more radical National Woman's Party, who in 1917 began to picket the White House because Wilson had not forcefully stated that women should get the vote

Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the U.S

Realism

A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be

Naturalism

The style of writing that rejects idealized portrayals of life and attempts complete accuracy, disinterested objectivity, and frankness in depicting life as a brutal struggle for survival

Regionalism

An element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot

City Beautiful Movement

Movement in environmental design that drew directly from the Beaux-Arts school. Architects from this movement strove to impart order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that conveyed a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world

World's Columbian Exposition

Also known as The Chicago World's Fair; was a World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World