fish exam 2

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Petromyzontidae

Class: Petromyzontida

Order: Petromyzontiformes

● Mouth surrounded by funnel-like oral

disk with spiky epidermal teeth

● 7 gill openings on each side of head

● No paired fins

● Well-developed eyes

Ichthyomyzon sp.

Family: Petromyzontidae

● Etymology: “fish to suck”

● Dorsal fin continuous; not divided

● Teeth well developed

● Two non-parasitic and three parasitic

species in TN

Lampetra sp.

Family: Petromyzontidae

● Etymology: “stone licker”

● Dorsal fin is divided

● Funnel-like oral disk with spiky epidermal teeth

● No paired fins

● Well developed eyes

Anguilla rostrata

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Anguilliformes

Family: Anguillidae

● Dorsal fin that begins well behind the

gill opening

● Well-developed pectoral fins

● Lower jaw usually projects past

upper jaw

● Minute scales present

● G4 Apparently secure

(Natureserve), Endangered

(IUCN), Not Listed (USFWS)

Acipenseridae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Acipenseriformes

● Caudal fin heterocercal

● Five rows of bony scutes

● Snout flattened with four barbels

● Mouth inferior and protrusible

● MANY listed species

● Very old family

Acipenser fulvescens

Family: Acipenseridae

• Spiracle present

● Thicker caudal peduncle than Scaphirhynchus sp.

● Confined to freshwaters of Mississippi River basin.

Nearly extirpated from TN.

● G3 Vulnerable (Natureserve), Endangered (IUCN),

Not listed (USFWS)

Scaphirhynchus sp.

Family: Acipenseridae

● Differ from Acipenser by having a very slender

caudal peduncle entirely encased in bony plates.

● Rostrum wide like a “shovel”.

● Spiracle absent

● Two species in Mississippi River and a rare species

in the Mobile Basin.

Polyodon spathula

Family: Polyodontidae

● Paddle-like snout - sensory receptors

● Gigantic mouth

● Has large, slightly triangular gill covers

● Lacks large scutes

● G3 Vulnerable (Natureserve), Vulnerable (IUCN),

Not listed (USFWS)

Lepisosteidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Lepisosteiformes

● Ganoid scales

● Body and jaws elongate

● Dorsal fin far back on body

● Heterocercal caudal fin

● Mouth with needle-like teeth

Atractosteus spatula

Family: Lepisosteidae

● Largest member of the family

● Alligator-like in appearance

● Snout length <7.5x the width

Lepisosteus osseus

Family: Lepisosteidae

● Snout long and slender with length 13x the width

Lepisosteus oculatus

Family: Lepisosteidae

● Snout and lower jaw with dark blotches

Lepisosteus platostomus

Family: Lepisosteidae

● Snout length <10x the width

● Snout and lower jaw lack dark blotches

Amia ocellicauda

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Amiiformes

Family: Amiidae

● Long dorsal fin base

● Large median gular plate between lower jaws

● Abbreviated heterocercal caudal fin

Hiodontidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Hiodontiformes

● Herring-like fishes with smooth rather than

serrated keel on belly

● Cycloid scales

● Well-developed lateral line

● Prominent teeth on tongue

● Two species, both found in North America

● Closely related to Osteoglossiformes

Hiodon alosoides

Family: Hiodontidae

● Keel on ventral surface extends

forward to near throat

● Dorsal fin well behind anal fin

● From west TN

Hiodon tergisus

Family: Hiodontidae

● Keel only from anus to pelvic fin base

● Dorsal fin even with or in front of anal fin

● Common in local reservoirs and large rivers.

Clupeidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Clupeiformes

● Body is strongly compressed

● Caudal fin deeply forked

● Single dorsal fin located at midbody

● Eye partly covered by adipose eyelid

● Scales easily lost

● Most species with ventral scutes forming

saw-like appearance

● Several marine genera

Alosa chrysochloris

Family: Clupeidae

● Last ray of dorsal fin not elongate

● Tip of lower jaw protruding well beyond tip of upper

jaw

Dorosoma cepedianum

Family: Clupeidae

● Last ray of dorsal fin a long filament

● Snout bulbous and fleshy projecting past upper

jaw

Dorosoma petenense

Family: Clupeidae

● Last ray of dorsal fin is elongated

● Last ray of dorsal fin a long filament

● Snout more pointed and not

projected past upper jaw

Esocidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Esociformes

● Duckbill-like snouts

● Dorsal and anal fins

located posteriorly

● Small cycloid scales

● Forked caudal fin

Esox americanus

Family: Esocidae – Pikes

● Opercle fully scaled

● 8 mandibular pores

● Oblique suborbital bar present

● 12 or fewer branchiostegal rays

Esox niger

Family: Esocidae

● Suborbital bar more vertical than

in E. americanus

● Opercle fully scaled

● 8 mandibular pores

● 14 or more branchiostegal rays

Esox masquinongy

Family: Esocidae

● Upper half of opercle scaled, lower

half of check naked

● 12 or more mandibular pores

● No suborbital bar

Umbra limi

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Esociformes

Family: Umbridae

● Single dorsal fin positioned posteriorly

● Dark vertical bar on base of caudal fin

● Lateral line absent; large scales over the

head and body

Aphredoderus gibbosus

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Percopsiformes

Family: Aphredoderidae

● Perch-like with anus near throat

● Dorsal fin with 2 – 3 spines

● A dark vertical bar at caudal base

Amblyopsidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Percopsiformes

● Head naked with reduced or no eyes

● Sensory papillae in rows on the head, body, and tail

● No pelvic fins

● Anus near throat

Forbesichthys agassizii

Family: Amblyopsidae

● Darkly-pigmented with small eyes

Typhlichthys subterraneus

Family: Amblyopsidae

● Lacks eyes and pigment

Fundulidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cyprinodontiformes

● Twisted maxilla, not straight

● Superior mouth

● Elongate bodies

Fundulus catenatus

Family: Fundulidae

● Has distinct lateral striping pattern

● Dorsal fin base near anal fin base

● Large topminnow that lacks a dark

mid-lateral stripe

Fundulus notatus

Family: Fundulidae

● Very few discrete black spots on dorsal half

● Prominent lateral stripe

● Rounded caudal fin

● Similar to F. olivaceus, but spots above the

prominent dark lateral stripe are lighter

than stripe

Fundulus olivaceus

Family: Fundulidae

● Similar to F. notatus, but with discrete dark spots above mid-lateral

stripe that are as dark as stripe

Gambusia affinis

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Cyprinodontiformes

Family: Poeciliidae

● Twisted maxilla, not straight

● Superior mouth

● Elongate bodies

Labidesthes sicculus

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Atheriniformes

Family: Atherinopsidae

● Slender fish with tiny scales and inconspicuous spiny dorsal fin

● Flesh opaque in preserved specimens, translucent in life

Menidia audens

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Atheriniformes

Family: Atherinopsidae

● Similar to Labidesthes sicculus, but larger scales and less elongate

snout

Culaea inconstans

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Gasterosteiformes

Family: Gasterosteidae

● Slender caudal peduncle

● 2 – 7 free dorsal spines

● Elongate, cigar shaped body with lateral bony scutes

Aplodinotus grunniens

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Perciformes

Family: Sciaenidae

● Two dorsal fins with a notch in between

● Anal fin with 1 – 2 spines

● Rounded slightly-goofy snout

● High bodied, especially for a Sciaenid

● Arguably the silliest guy on this exam

Salmonidae

Class: Actinopterygii

Order: Salmoniformes

● Adipose fin present

● Small cycloid scales

● Notable food and game fishes

Salmo trutta

Family: Salmonidae

● Caudal fin lacking black spots

● Sides with scattered red spots circled in white

● 12–14 dorsal fin rays

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Family: Salmonidae

● Caudal fin with black spots

● Sides with broad pink lateral stripe

● 10–12 dorsal fin rays

Salvelinus fontinalis

Family: Salmonidae

● Dorsum with pale spots on dark background

● Ventral fin edges with black and white seam