Compare and contrast chromosomes, genes and DNA

DNA

Genetic material that stores instructions for protein production; found in nucleus.

Nucleotide

Building block of DNA; contains sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.

DNA Bases

A pairs with T; C pairs with G.

Gene

A segment of DNA that codes for one specific protein.

Genes From Parents

You receive one copy of each gene from each biological parent.

Chromosome

Tightly packed DNA and proteins; humans have 46 (23 pairs).

Relationship

DNA makes genes, genes form chromosomes.

Mutation

A change in DNA; may be harmless or may cause disorders.

Chromosomes and Genes

Chromosomes contain many genes arranged along the DNA strand.

Function of DNA

Codes for proteins that determine traits and cell functions.

RNA

Single-stranded nucleic acid that carries DNA instructions to ribosomes.

DNA vs RNA

Base differences: DNA has A,T,C,G; RNA has A,U,C,G.

RNA Sugar

RNA contains ribose; DNA contains deoxyribose.

Uracil (U)

In RNA, uracil replaces thymine (T).

mRNA

"Messenger" RNA; carries DNA code to ribosomes.

tRNA

"Transfer" RNA; brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

rRNA

"Ribosomal" RNA; forms ribosomes and helps build proteins.

Function of RNA

Transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein production.

Base Pairing in RNA

A pairs with U; C pairs with G.

Central Dogma

Genetic information flows DNA → RNA → proteins.