Module 4 Flashcards

Teratogens

Factors that disrupt development, such as smoking, alcohol, radiation, and air pollution.

Habituation Procedures

Decline in responding to a stimulus once it is repeatedly administered.

Schemas

Patterns of knowledge and long-term memory, involving assimilation (existing knowledge) and accommodation (new knowledge).

Object Permanence

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed, typically emerging around 8 to 12 months of age.

Egocentric

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of others, common in young children.

Deductive Reasoning

The process of drawing specific conclusions from general principles or premises, which develops later in childhood.

Self-Concept

The self-awareness of who we are, our core beliefs, and the awareness of one's own existence along with others.

Temperament

The innate personality of an infant, encompassing traits such as emotional intensity and adaptability.

Aphasia

Neurological impairment of language.

Broca’s Area

Brain region responsible for the production of speech.

Wernicke’s Area

Left temporal lobe region; if damaged can produce fluent but nonsensical speech.

Phonetics and Phonology

Study of speech sounds and how the brain processes these sounds.

Morphology

The study of word structure.

Syntax

How words are combined to form sentences, the structure of a sentence.

Semantics

The meaning of the words within a sentence.

Pragmatics

The context that creates meaning for words.

Universal Grammar

The idea that humans are born with the innate ability to acquire language.

Labial Consonant

Sounds made more with our lips, preferred more by babies.

Stop Consonants

Sounds where airflow in the mouth is blocked when speaking.

Sloppy Speech

Informal ways of speaking influenced by strict English rules (e.g., 'hafta' for 'have to', 'wanna' for 'want to').

Voiced Words

Words that cause the vocal cords to vibrate when spoken.

Voiceless Words

Words that do not use the vocal cords to pronounce, allowing more airflow.

Teratogens

Factors that disrupt development, such as smoking, alcohol, radiation, and air pollution.

Habituation Procedures

Decline in responding to a stimulus once it is repeatedly administered.

Schemas

Patterns of knowledge and long-term memory, involving assimilation (existing knowledge) and accommodation (new knowledge).

Object Permanence

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed; typically emerges around 8 to 12 months of age.

Egocentric

Inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of others; common in young children.

Deductive Reasoning

The process of drawing specific conclusions from general principles or premises; develops later in childhood.

Self-Concept

Self-awareness of who we are, including our core beliefs and awareness of one's own existence along with others.

Temperament

Innate personality of an infant, encompassing traits such as emotional intensity and adaptability.

Aphasia

Neurological impairment of language.

Broca’s Area

Brain region responsible for the production of speech.

Wernicke’s Area

Left temporal lobe; if damaged, a person can speak fluently but not in a coherent manner.

Phonetics and Phonology

Study of speech sounds, focusing on how the brain processes these sounds.

Morphology

The study of word structure.

Syntax

How words are combined to form a sentence; the structure of the sentence.

Semantics

The meaning of the words within a sentence.

Pragmatics

The context that creates meaning for words.

Universal Grammar

The idea that humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

Labial Consonant

Consonants produced with the lips; preferred more by babies.

Stop Consonants

Sounds where airflow in the mouth is blocked when speaking.

Sloppy Speech

Informal ways of speaking influenced by the strict rules of English (e.g., 'hafta' for 'have to', 'wanna' for 'want to').

Voiced Words

Words that cause the vocal cords to vibrate when spoken.

Voiceless Words

Words that do not use the vocal cords, allowing more airflow when pronounced.