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Teratogens
Factors that disrupt development, such as smoking, alcohol, radiation, and air pollution.
Habituation Procedures
Decline in responding to a stimulus once it is repeatedly administered.
Schemas
Patterns of knowledge and long-term memory, involving assimilation (existing knowledge) and accommodation (new knowledge).
Object Permanence
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed, typically emerging around 8 to 12 months of age.
Egocentric
The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of others, common in young children.
Deductive Reasoning
The process of drawing specific conclusions from general principles or premises, which develops later in childhood.
Self-Concept
The self-awareness of who we are, our core beliefs, and the awareness of one's own existence along with others.
Temperament
The innate personality of an infant, encompassing traits such as emotional intensity and adaptability.
Aphasia
Neurological impairment of language.
Broca’s Area
Brain region responsible for the production of speech.
Wernicke’s Area
Left temporal lobe region; if damaged can produce fluent but nonsensical speech.
Phonetics and Phonology
Study of speech sounds and how the brain processes these sounds.
Morphology
The study of word structure.
Syntax
How words are combined to form sentences, the structure of a sentence.
Semantics
The meaning of the words within a sentence.
Pragmatics
The context that creates meaning for words.
Universal Grammar
The idea that humans are born with the innate ability to acquire language.
Labial Consonant
Sounds made more with our lips, preferred more by babies.
Stop Consonants
Sounds where airflow in the mouth is blocked when speaking.
Sloppy Speech
Informal ways of speaking influenced by strict English rules (e.g., 'hafta' for 'have to', 'wanna' for 'want to').
Voiced Words
Words that cause the vocal cords to vibrate when spoken.
Voiceless Words
Words that do not use the vocal cords to pronounce, allowing more airflow.
Teratogens
Factors that disrupt development, such as smoking, alcohol, radiation, and air pollution.
Habituation Procedures
Decline in responding to a stimulus once it is repeatedly administered.
Schemas
Patterns of knowledge and long-term memory, involving assimilation (existing knowledge) and accommodation (new knowledge).
Object Permanence
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed; typically emerges around 8 to 12 months of age.
Egocentric
Inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of others; common in young children.
Deductive Reasoning
The process of drawing specific conclusions from general principles or premises; develops later in childhood.
Self-Concept
Self-awareness of who we are, including our core beliefs and awareness of one's own existence along with others.
Temperament
Innate personality of an infant, encompassing traits such as emotional intensity and adaptability.
Aphasia
Neurological impairment of language.
Broca’s Area
Brain region responsible for the production of speech.
Wernicke’s Area
Left temporal lobe; if damaged, a person can speak fluently but not in a coherent manner.
Phonetics and Phonology
Study of speech sounds, focusing on how the brain processes these sounds.
Morphology
The study of word structure.
Syntax
How words are combined to form a sentence; the structure of the sentence.
Semantics
The meaning of the words within a sentence.
Pragmatics
The context that creates meaning for words.
Universal Grammar
The idea that humans are born with an innate ability to acquire language.
Labial Consonant
Consonants produced with the lips; preferred more by babies.
Stop Consonants
Sounds where airflow in the mouth is blocked when speaking.
Sloppy Speech
Informal ways of speaking influenced by the strict rules of English (e.g., 'hafta' for 'have to', 'wanna' for 'want to').
Voiced Words
Words that cause the vocal cords to vibrate when spoken.
Voiceless Words
Words that do not use the vocal cords, allowing more airflow when pronounced.
