history, usa 1919-41

President Herbert Hoover

the president who was in office when the depression started. He believed in Laissez-faire

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

asked farmers to reduce production and destroy surpluses

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in food control, planting, flood work, etc.

PWA (Public Works Administration)

New Deal agency that provided millions of jobs constructing public buildings

Emergency Banking Act

FDR shut all banks for 4 days and only reopened the stable banks

First 100 Days

Beginning of FDR's presidency where he and Congress worked out the New Deal to save the economy.

Economy Act

This act passed March 20th of 1933 gave FDR the power to cut government workers' salaries and reduce payments to military veterans for non-service-connected disabilities

Huey Long (Share-Our-Wealth)

Senator of Louisiana who proposed a nation wide social program called Share-Our-Wealth

Changing role of women in 1920s

Women gained the right to vote, helped win WWI, and many looked toward the ability to live their lives by going against Victorian ideals and what had been the social norm for women in American society.

flappers

smoke, drank, cut their hair, makeup, bold fashion

monkey trial

a trial in dayton, tennesse (1925) debating weither or not creationism or evolution was taught in a school.

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

A well-known case in which two Italian-American anarchists were found guilty and executed for a crime in which there was very little evidence linking them to the particular crime.

National Origins Act

Very restrictive immigration legislation passed in 1924, which lowered immigration to 2 percent of each nationality

WASP

White Anglo Saxon Protestant

St. Valentine's Day Massacre

On febuary 14, 1929 Capone's men dressed as plice officers raided a rival gang. They killed seven suspects execution style with their hands against the wall. Capone's men shot them with over 150 bullets.

Wall St Crash

October 1929

Over production

A condition in which production of goods exceeds the demand for them

Laissez-faire

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

Hoovervilles

a shantytown built by unemployed and destitute people during the Depression of the early 1930s.

Federal Home Loan Bank Act

lent money to the people who were struggling. 41,000 applied only 3 were accepted

Tenesee Valley Authority (TVA)

Built a series of dams to prevent floods and deforestation along the tenesee river and to provide cheap electric power for homes and factories in a seven state region where many families still lived in isolated log cabins

NRA (National Recovery Administration)

New Deal agency that promoted economic recovery by regulating production, prices, and wages

Beer Act

1933, stopped alcohol prohibition

Social Secretary Act

gave elderly pensions and helped disabled people and disabled children

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Wagner Act

1935, labour unions were allowed to join trade unions.

banking act

1935 - changed the structure and power distribution in the Federal Reserve System

Fr. Coughlin

Priest who challenged Roosevelt's leadership over the radio

Liberty League

A group of Republican business leaders and conservative Democrats who banded together to fight what they called the "reckless spending" and "socialist" reforms of the New Deal.

assembly line

Production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Henry Ford

United States manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production

mass production

Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply

T-Model Ford

only made in black

hire purchase

The buying of equipment by paying in instalments, usually including interest.

credit

An arrangement to receive cash, goods, or services now and pay for them in the future.

shareholder

an owner of shares in a company

Bonus Marchers

In the spring of 1932, 20,000 unemployed World War I veterans descended on Washington to demand early payment of a bonus due in 1945 ($625), only to be driven away by federal soldiers led by the army's chief of staff, Douglas MacArthur.

Immigration in the 1920s

only 3% of immigrants were let in. laws cut the amount of people let into the USA. all came looking for the american dream.

mafia

al capone etc. smuggled in alcohol from Canada and Mexico

Prohibition

A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages

red scare

A period of general fear of communists

Palmer Raids

Congressional support to raid houses of radicals believed to have connections to communism

KKK

Ku Klux Klan--Against Blacks, Jews, Catholics. Used terror to control them

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Federal Farm Board

Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; it offered farmers insurance against loss of crops due to drought; flood; or freeze. It did not guarantee profit or cover losses due to bad farming. 1929

Tarrifs

increased imported goods so people would buy American produce

National Credit Corporation

loaned money to smaller banks, which helped them stave off bankruptcy

Fireside Chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

Gave relief to unemployed and needy by opening soup kitchens

rural electrification

only 10% of farmers had electricity . gave 35% of farms electricity

Supreme Court

tried to shut down the NRA and said FDR was becoming a dictator

Sick Chicken Case

A US Supreme Court Case that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry as an unconstitutional executive use of Congress's power. It found the NRA (National Recovery Act) to be unconstitutional in this use of power.