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Inorganic molecules
Simple molecules that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. They can be represented using molecular formulae
Organic molecules
Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen and usually have a carbon backbone. Complex organic molecules are represented by their structural formula.
Molecular formula
Give the number of each type of atom present in a molecule.
Structural formula
Show how the different atoms in a molecule are joined together. These help distinguish between isomers.
Isomers
Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions that take place inside cells or organisms.
Anabolic reactions
A reaction in which large molecules are built from smaller ones e.g. protein synthesis.
Catabolic reactions
Reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones e.g. Digestion and respiration.
Monomers
A small molecule that joins to other molecules of the same type to form a polymer.
Polymer
A macromolecule made from many small molecules of the same type joined together.
Condensation reactions
A reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined by a covalent bond and a water molecule is removed.
Hydrolysis reactions
A reaction when a large molecule is slit into smaller molecules with the addition of water.
What do condensation and hydrolysis reactions in living organisms require.
Enzymes
Examples of biological polymers
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Polymer: Polysaccharides
Monomer: Monosaccharides
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Proteins
Polymer: Polypeptides
Monomer: Amino acids
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur
Nucleic acids
Polymer: Polynucleotides
Monomer: Nucleotides
Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
What elements are present in triglycerides
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Why are triglycerides not polymers?
They are composed of fatty acids and glycerol which are different types of small molecules.
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