General Biological Molecules and Metabolism

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Inorganic molecules

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19 Terms

1

Inorganic molecules

Simple molecules that do not contain both carbon and hydrogen. They can be represented using molecular formulae

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2

Organic molecules

Molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen and usually have a carbon backbone. Complex organic molecules are represented by their structural formula.

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3

Molecular formula

Give the number of each type of atom present in a molecule.

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4

Structural formula

Show how the different atoms in a molecule are joined together. These help distinguish between isomers.

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5

Isomers

Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

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6

Metabolism

All the chemical reactions that take place inside cells or organisms.

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7

Anabolic reactions

A reaction in which large molecules are built from smaller ones e.g. protein synthesis.

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8

Catabolic reactions

Reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones e.g. Digestion and respiration.

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9

Monomers

A small molecule that joins to other molecules of the same type to form a polymer.

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10

Polymer

A macromolecule made from many small molecules of the same type joined together.

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11

Condensation reactions

A reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined by a covalent bond and a water molecule is removed.

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12

Hydrolysis reactions

A reaction when a large molecule is slit into smaller molecules with the addition of water.

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13

What do condensation and hydrolysis reactions in living organisms require.

Enzymes

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14

Examples of biological polymers

  • Carbohydrates

  • Proteins

  • Nucleic acids

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15

Carbohydrates

  • Polymer: Polysaccharides

  • Monomer: Monosaccharides

  • Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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16

Proteins

  • Polymer: Polypeptides

  • Monomer: Amino acids

  • Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

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17

Nucleic acids

  • Polymer: Polynucleotides

  • Monomer: Nucleotides

  • Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

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18

What elements are present in triglycerides

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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19

Why are triglycerides not polymers?

They are composed of fatty acids and glycerol which are different types of small molecules.

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