Chapter 28: Cold War Conflict and Consensus

concurrent revolution

Advanced nuclear weapons and the space race were made possible by the ________ in computer technology.

major fight

The first ________ for independence that followed World War II, between the Netherlands and anticolonial insurgents in the Dutch East Indies (todays Indonesia), in many ways exemplified decolonization in the Cold War world.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

In 1949 the United States formed NATO (the ________), an anti- Soviet military alliance of Western governments.

Palestinians

The ________ and the surrounding Arab nations viewed Jewish independence as a betrayal of their own interests, and they attacked the Jewish state as soon as it was proclaimed.

Rapid industrial

________ and technological expansion and the consolidation of businesses created a powerful demand for technologists and managers in large corporations and government agencies.

Solzhenitsyns

________ novel portrays in grim detail life in a Stalinist concentration camp- a life to which ________ himself had been unjustly condemned- and is a damning indictment of the Stalinist past.

West Germany

In the 1950s and 1960s ________ and other prosperous countries implemented guest worker programs designed to recruit much- needed labor for the booming economy.

Italy

In ________, which boasted the largest Communist Party outside of the Soviet bloc, Communists won 19 percent of the vote in 1946; French Communists earned 28 percent of the vote the same year.

Khrushchev

________ also de- Stalinized Soviet foreign policy.

Military aid

________ and a defense buildup were only one aspect of Trumans policy of containment.

Nuremberg trials

The ________ marked the last time the four Allies worked closely together to punish former Nazis.

Immigrant labor

________ helped fuel economic recovery.

Germany

In ________ and Austria, occupation authorities set up "denazification "procedures meant to eradicate National Socialist ideology from social and political institutions and identify and punish former Nazi Party members responsible for the worst crimes.

Big Science

________ had tangible benefits for ordinary people.

Khrushchevs speech

________ was read at Communist Party meetings held throughout the country, and it strengthened the reform movement.

superpower confrontation

The ________ that emerged from the ruins of World War II took shape in Europe, but it quickly spread around the globe.

Berlin

In the late 1940s ________, the capital city of Germany, was on the frontline of the Cold War.

Marshall Plan

The ________ was one of the most successful foreign aid programs in history.

Arab defeat

The ________ in 1948 triggered a powerful nationalist revolution in Egypt in 1952, led by the young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918- 1970)

Suez Canal Company

In July 1956 Nasser abruptly nationalized the foreign- owned ________, the last symbol and substance of Western power in the Middle East.

Communist censors

________ purged culture and art of independent voices in aggressive campaigns that imposed rigid anti- Western ideological conformity.

Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

In 1949 the Soviets established the ________ (COMECON), an economic organization of Communist states intended to rebuild the East Bloc independently of the West.

Europe

________ was also changed by postcolonial migration, the movement of people from the former colonies and the developing world into prosperous Europe.

De Stalinization

________ created great ferment among writers and intellectuals who sought freedom from the constraints of socialist realism, such as Russian author Boris Pasternak (1890- 1960), who published his great novel Doctor Zhivago in 1957.

Khrushchev

________ was proud of Soviet achievements and liked to boast that East Bloc living standards and access to consumer goods would soon surpass those of the West.