BGTECH03: Lecture05 - Structural Foundation and Reinforced Concrete Columns

Foundation Plan

A plan view in drawing, in section, showing the location and size of footings, piers, columns, foundation walls, and supporting beams.

Spread Footing

Type of foundation used to support single-columns when they are arranged at a long distance.

Pad Footing

Constructed by plain or reinforced concrete. Its thickness is constant and its shape can be circular, rectangular or square

Stepped Footing

Includes the construction of a footing step by step until it reaches the desired width.

Sloped Footing

Required less concrete and reinforcement bars than pad footing. It is constructed cautiously to maintain 45-degree inclination from all sides.

Combined Footing

A footing which supports more than one column load

Wall Footing

A continuous spread footing supporting a uniformly loaded wall.

Settlement

A structural failure thru subsidence of the building, caused by consolidation.

Consolidation

Grading reduction in the volume of soil mass caused by application of sustained load and an increase in compressive stress.

Primary Consolidation

Squeezing of water out from the soil mass.

Secondary Consolidation

Adjustment of internal structure of soil mass after water is squeezed out.

Tipping

Building is subsiding on one side, resulting to inclination of the structure system.

Differential Settlement

Subsidence of a part or some parts of the building that usually occurs with structural crack and problems in footing and/or soil.

Short Compression Blocks

A type of reinforced concrete columns; height is less than 3 times the least dimension.

Slender Column

Strength of the column is significantly reduce due to slenderness.

Short Column

Failure is initiated by material failure.

Tied

Composed of ties that function as resistance to shear and buckling, as well as to hold the longitudinal bars into position.

Spiral

Lateral reinforcement is continuous from bottom to top.

Composite

Composed of structural steel placed at the center of the reinforced concrete column as additional support.

Crushing Failure

Commonly caused by the actual compressive stress that exceeded the allowable stress capacity of the column.

Buckling Failure

Commonly occurs in slender or long columns caused by the bending of reinforcements due to compressive stress or the lateral stresses