Art History 101 Exam 1 Study Guide

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards for Art History 101 Exam 1 covering Prehistoric, Ancient Near Eastern, Ancient Egyptian, and Ancient Greek art and architecture.

Paleolithic refers to the __________ Stone Age.

Old

Neolithic refers to the __________ Stone Age.

New

The abbreviation BCE stands for __________.

Before Common Era

An art style where certain features are exaggerated and figures are unnaturally proportioned is described as __________.

Abstract

An accurate, relatively true-to-life depiction in art is known as __________.

Naturalism

A sculpture that barely stands out from the flat surface it was carved into is called __________.

Low-relief

Rendering the illusion of volume on a two-dimensional surface is called __________.

Modeling

A convention of representation in which part of a figure is shown in profile and another part frontally is known as a composite image or __________.

composite view (twisted perspective)

A giant stone used in prehistoric architecture is called a __________.

Megalith

A architectural structural method in which two upright members hold up a third horizontal member across their tops is called a __________ system.

Post-and-lintel construction / system

The cave artwork shown below, created ca. 16,000-14,000 BCE in Lascaux Cave, France, is titled __________.

Hall of the Bulls

The Paleolithic statuette shown below, carved ca. 40,000-35,000 BCE in Germany, is titled __________.

Human with lion head

The Paleolithic figurine shown below from Austria, dated ca. 28,000-25,000 BCE, is known as Nude woman or __________.

Venus of Willendorf

The prehistoric cave scene shown below from Lascaux Cave is titled Rhinoceros, Wounded man, and __________.

disemboweled bison

The Neolithic megalithic structure shown below, constructed ca. 2550-1600 BCE, is __________.

Stonehenge (aerial view)

The Sumerian figures shown below from the Square Temple at Eshnunna are titled __________.

Statuettes of worshipers

The Akkadian relief monument shown below depicting military conquest is the __________.

Victory stele of Naram-Sin

The Neo-Sumerian brick structure shown below, constructed ca. 2100 BCE in Iraq, is the __________.

Ziggurat at Ur

The Babylonian basalt monument shown below, created ca. 1780 BCE, is titled Stele inscribed with the __________.

laws of Hammurabi

The colossal Assyrian guardian sculpture shown below from Dur Sharrukin is a __________.

Lamassu

The blue-glazed brick portal structure shown below from Babylon, Iraq, is the __________.

Ishtar Gate (restored)

A system of writing used in ancient Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE featuring wedge-shaped characters pressed into clay is called __________.

cuneiform

In Mesopotamian architecture, a monumental platform for a temple is a __________.

ziggurat

Figures made as surrogates for people to place in Sumerian temples atop ziggurats are __________ offerings.

votive (votive offering)

A carved stone slab used to mark graves or commemorate historical events is a __________.

stele

An artistic convention in which greater size indicates greater importance is known as hierarchy of scale or __________.

hieratic scale

An architectural structure built against a wall to serve as a support is called a __________.

buttress

The Predynastic Egyptian slate relief artifact shown below is titled __________.

The Palette of King Narmer

The Old Kingdom structure at Saqqara shown below, built by Imhotep, is the __________.

Stepped Pyramid of Djoser

The group of monuments shown below, built at Gizeh ca. 2551-2472 BCE, are the __________.

Aerial view of the Fourth Dynasty pyramids

The colossal lion-bodied statue with a human head at Gizeh shown below is the __________.

Great Sphinx

The Old Kingdom dual portrait sculpture shown below represents __________.

Menkaure and Khamerernebty (?)

The Egyptian painted tomb relief shown below, dated ca. 2450-2350 BCE, is titled __________.

Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt

In Ancient Egypt, stylized pictures of objects representing words, syllables, or sounds are called __________.

hieroglyphs

In Ancient Egyptian belief, the spirit or soul of a person that survives after death is called the __________.

ka

A rectangular Ancient Egyptian tomb with inclined sides and a flat roof is called a __________.

mastaba

A large burial complex or 'city of the dead' is called a __________.

necropolis

A stone coffin encased within nested shrines is called a __________.

sarcophagus

A standardized grid system of ideal proportions in pictorial relief art is a __________.

canon of proportions

The Middle Kingdom rock-cut tomb interior shown below at Beni Hasan belonged to __________.

Tomb of Amenemhet

The terraced New Kingdom structure shown below at Deir el-Bahri is the __________.

Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut

The New Kingdom hall of columns shown below from the temple of Amun-Re is titled Columns and Clerestory of the __________.

Hypostyle Hall of the temple of Amun-Re

The New Kingdom sculpted head shown below from Ghurab, Egypt, portrays __________.

Tiye

The Amarna Period limestone relief panel shown below depicts __________.

Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and three daughters

The royal Egyptian gold and inlay funerary artifact shown below is the __________.

Death mask of Tutankhamen

A pair of truncated, pyramidal towers flanking the entrance to an Egyptian temple is called a __________.

pylon

A large hall supported by columns, dark except for a elevated central section lit by windows, is a __________.

hypostyle hall

A high section of wall containing windows above eye level to admit light or fresh air is a __________.

clerestory

A carving technique where the sculptor cuts figures into the surface, leaving the surrounding background higher, is __________.

sunken relief

A row of columns supporting a roof, entablature, or arcade is a __________.

colonnade

The Greek Geometric style vase shown below from the Dipylon cemetery is a __________.

Geometric amphora

The Geometric bronze figure group shown below is titled __________.

Hero and centaur (Herakles and Nessos?)

The Archaic marble statue of a standing youth from Anavysos, Greece, shown below, is __________.

Kroisos

A phase of Greek art characterized largely by geometric patterns in vase painting is the __________.

Geometric style

A large two-handled storage jar used chiefly for oil or wine in ancient Greece is an __________.

Amphora

In Archaic Greek art, Kouros refers to a young man, while Kore refers to a __________.

young woman

The architectural comparison diagram shown below depicts __________.

Elevations of the Doric and Ionic orders

The Archaic Greek temple at Paestum, Italy, shown below, is the __________.

Temple of Hera I ("Basilica")

The carved pediment shown below from Corfu, Greece, ca. 600-580 BCE, is the __________.

West pediment, Temple of Artemis

The black-figure amphora painting by Exekias shown below depicts __________.

Exekias. Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game

The sturdiest and least ornate of the Greek architectural orders, characterized by plain capitals without bases, is the __________ order.

Doric

The Greek architectural order featuring taller, thinner columns with scroll shapes on its capital is the __________ order.

Ionic

The triangular gable section of a Classical temple roof often decorated with relief sculpture is the __________.

pediment

A continuous stone foundation supporting a row of columns in classical Greek architecture is a __________.

stylobate

A slight convex curve added to a column shaft to prevent an optical illusion of concavity is called __________.

entasis

A style of vase painting developed in Greece featuring silhouetted figures painted in black slip with incised details is __________.

black-figure painting

The marble statue shown below, dated ca. 480 BCE, which first introduced the contrapposto pose, is __________.

Kritios Boy

The Classical Greek bronze figure shown below, dated ca. 460-450 BCE, depicts __________.

Zeus (or Poseidon?)

The Roman copy of a Classical bronze athletic sculpture shown below is Myron's __________.

Diskobolis (Discus Thrower)

The Roman marble copy of a statue by Polykleitos shown below, demonstrating his canon of proportions, is the __________.

Doryphoros (Spear Bearer)

The famous Classical temple on the Athenian Acropolis shown below, designed by Iktinos and Kallikrates, is __________.

The Parthenon

The relaxed natural weight-shift stance first introduced in Greek sculpture in 480 BCE is called __________.

contrapposto

In Greek, the term for 'high city', referring to the elevated fortified part of an ancient Greek city, is __________.

Acropolis

The Parthenon south metope sculpture shown below depicts a mythical battle known as a __________.

Centauromachy

The marble pedimental group shown below from the Parthenon depicts __________.

Three Goddesses (Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite?)