Bio-111 Lab Practical

Are the following questions testable?

a. Are aliens real?

Not testable

Are the following questions testable? b. What is the optimal amount of water a tomato plant needs for maximum yield?

Testable

You want to test the effects of nutrition on heart health. You hypothesize that potassium will help lower blood pressure. You ask 50 patients with high blood pressure to eat a banana a day because they are high in potassium. The other 50 patients in your study resume their normal diet routine. You take their blood pressure every week for the next 6 months and collect a food log from both groups

What is the independent variable?

Whether or not they eat a banana a day

You want to test the effects of nutrition on heart health. You hypothesize that potassium will help lower blood pressure. You ask 50 patients with high blood pressure to eat a banana a day because they are high in potassium. The other 50 patients in your study resume their normal diet routine. You take their blood pressure every week for the next 6 months and collect a food log from both groups

What is the dependent variable?

Blood pressure

You want to test the effects of nutrition on heart health. You hypothesize that potassium will help lower blood pressure. You ask 50 patients with high blood pressure to eat a banana a day because they are high in potassium. The other 50 patients in your study resume their normal diet routine. You take their blood pressure every week for the next 6 months and collect a food log from both groups

What is the control group?

Normal Diet

You want to test the effects of nutrition on heart health. You hypothesize that potassium will help lower blood pressure. You ask 50 patients with high blood pressure to eat a banana a day because they are high in potassium. The other 50 patients in your study resume their normal diet routine. You take their blood pressure every week for the next 6 months and collect a food log from both groups

If after six months the average blood pressure for your banana group is significantly lower than the other group would that support or reject your hypothesis?

Support

You want to test the effects of nutrition on heart health. You hypothesize that potassium will help lower blood pressure. You ask 50 patients with high blood pressure to eat a banana a day because they are high in potassium. The other 50 patients in your study resume their normal diet routine. You take their blood pressure every week for the next 6 months and collect a food log from both groups

What are some limitations to this study?

All of the above

The pH scale is logarithmic. What does that mean?

With each step the pH increases 10 fold. So going from a 5 to a 4 means that substance is 10 times more acidic (contains 10 times more hydrogen ions). Going from a 8 to a 10 would be 10 x 10 or 100 times more basic (contains 100 times more hydroxide ions)

Pollution can lower the pH of rain. Why would this be problematic for an ecosystem in that area?

This phenomenon is also referred to as acid rain. Many organisms are adapted to certain pH in their environment. As you can imagine more acidic conditions could be harmful to plants that soak up the water or organisms that live in the water. This could then affect organism that feed on these other organisms. It could also change the geography of the landscape if for example an acidic lake starts to erode the shoreline more

When you pour water into a graduated cylinder (a tall thin glass) a meniscus (a u shape) forms.

Why?

You might expect a straight line to form given that gravity should pull the water down equally. However, given the adhesive nature of water it clings to the molecules in the gradated cylinder causing slightly u shape

Why is a hydrogen bond considered a weak bond? Collectively many hydrogen bonds are considered strong, why?

It is the result of an attraction of opposite partial bonds. However a large body of water would have many hydrogen bonds creating surface tension due to the cohesive property of water.

When testing how temperature affected the enzyme activity what was the independent variable?

temperature

What served as our source of catalase?

Potatoes

What does catalase do?

breaks hydrogen peroxide into oxygen gas and water

According to the graph below what is the optimal PH for lactose?

7

What amount of lactose yielded the most molecules formed per minute?

4 & 8

If your hypothesis was, the higher the PH the more enzyme activity (higher number of molecules formed per minute) will be observed, would the results support or reject that?

Reject

How can an enzyme be denatured

Enzymes can be denatured by extreme pH or heat.

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Denatured enzyme has lost its shape which thereby

causes it to lose its function.

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

Which organelle is responsible for the production of protein?

ribosome

You discover a new species in a pond. It is a single celled organism that contains a nucleus and chloroplasts. Which of domain of life should it fall under?

eukarya

You receive a bouquet of roses. Rather than giving them water you give them salt water. What type of environment would that be for those plant cells?

Hypertonic

The cell membrane is semi permeable what does that mean?

Some items can enter while others can not.

Which indicator can be used to test for proteins?

Biurets

What served as our negative control for glucose?

water

You receive the following results when testing an unknown substance. Which macromolecules are present?

a. Iodine test: gold color

No starch

You receive the following results when testing an unknown substance. Which macromolecules are present?

b. Benedicts test: orange color

Simple sugar like glucose

You receive the following results when testing an unknown substance. Which macromolecules are present?

Biurets test: purple color

No protein

What served as our source of DNA for the DNA isolation lab?

strawberry

In a eukaryotic cell where is the DNA located?

nucleus

What purpose did the lysis buffer (extraction liquid) serve

Created holes in the membrane so the contents of the cell could flow out into the solution

What is the end product of Meiosis?

4 genetically unique gametes

What is crossing over (recombination)

During Prophase 1, tetrads form where chromosomes can become entangled and portions of chromosomes can be switch with portions of another.

How does crossing over strengthen a population

This increases genetic diversity. Genetic diversity strengthens a population because more variations in traits means a species is better able to adapt to environmental changes making it less vulnerable to extinction.

Interphase I

Prophase

Metaphase I

Anaphase I

Telophase I

Prophase II

Anaphase II

Telophase II

Two individuals are heterozygotes for a widow’s peak in their hairline. What is their chance of having a child without a widows peak? Having a widows peak is a dominate trait

25% chance

Two individuals are heterozygotes for a widow’s peak in their hairline. What is their chance of having a child without a widows peak? Having a widows peak is a dominate trait. What is the

genotypic ratio?

1:2:1

Two individuals are heterozygotes for a widow’s peak in their hairline. What is their chance of having a child without a widows peak? Having a widows peak is a dominate trait. What is the

phenotypic ratio?

3:1

Jane’s father was colorblind. Jane’s husband is not. What is the chance that they would have a child who is colorblind?

25% chance

Blood type A contains what type of antigens and what type of antibodies?

A antigen and B antibodies

Who could someone with blood type A receive a blood donation from?

A and O

You conduct a blood test and see agglutination in the all three wells what is the blood type?

AB+

Can two individuals who are blood type B have a child who is blood type O?

25% chance if they are heterozygotes.