english

literature and figures of speech

types of literature

prose, poem, drama

prose

no structure

poem

has a structure

drama

performed

types of poetry

lyric, narrative

lyric poetry

short poem

narrative poetry

tells a story

(type of lyric poetry) ode

celebrates a person, place, thing or idea

(type of lyric poetry) elegy

griefing or yearning

(type of lyric poetry) sonnet

has 14 lines

(type of lyric poetry) simple lyric

short song

(types of narrative poetry) ballad

supposed to be sang

(types of narrative poetry) metrical

tells a story

(types of narrative poetry) epic

long story about a specific person or hero (imaginary)

line

single row of words

stanza

a group of line

rhyme

repetition of sounds at the end of two or more lines

(kind of rhyme) end rhymes

rhymes at the end of a line

(kind of rhyme) slant/imperfect rhymes

two words that share just a vowel/ consonant sound

(kind of rhyme) eye rhymes

looks like they rhyme but pronounced differently

(kind of rhyme) identical rhyme

same or exact sound repeated at the end of two or more lines

meter

pattern of beats in a poem

stressed

strongly said

unstressed

weakly said

(type of a feet) lamb (lambic)

has a unstressed syllable followed with a stressed syllable

(type of a feet) trochee ( trochaic)

has a stressed syllable followed with a unstressed syllable

(type of a feet) spondee (spondaic)

has two stressed syllables

(type of a feet) anapest (anapestic)

has two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable

(type of meter in poetry) monometer

one foot per line

(type of meter in poetry) dimeter

two feet per line

(type of meter in poetry) trimeter

three feet per line

(type of meter in poetry) tetrameter

four feet per line

(type of meter in poetry) pentameter

five feet per line

motif

reinforce a particular message

theme

main idea

diction

poet’s/authors choice of words

tone

poet’s attitude or perspective to a subject manner

mood

emotions or feelings that a poem wakes in the reader

persona

speaker who narrates the poem

figures of speech

helps convey deeper meanings

Simile

Compares two distinct things using "like" or "as

Metaphor

Compares two things by directly stating one thing is another

personification

Gives human qualities or actions to non-human or inanimate object

Hyperbole

An extreme, deliberate exaggeration used for dramatic effect

Alliteration

Repeats the same initial consonant sounds in consecutive or closely positioned words.

Oxymoron

Combines two contradictory or opposing terms

rony

Highlights a contrast between expectation and reality

Onomatopoeia

Uses words that mimic the sound they represent.

Euphemism

Replaces a harsh, blunt, or unpleasant word with a milder alternative.