Video 1 Nutrition, Metabolism and Energy Balance

Metabolism is best defined as:

A. Digestion of nutrients

B. The sum of all chemical reactions in the body

C. ATP production only

D. Cellular respiration only

B

Which type of metabolism builds larger molecules from smaller ones?

A. Hydrolysis

B. Catabolism

C. Oxidation

D. Anabolism

D

Catabolism is the process of:

A. Building glycogen

B. Synthesizing proteins

C. Breaking large molecules into smaller molecules

D. Storing glucose

C

Which process requires hydrolysis?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Glycogen synthesis

C. Catabolism

D. DNA replication

C

Hydrolysis involves:

A. Removing oxygen

B. Adding ATP

C. Removing phosphate

D. Adding water to break chemical bonds

D

Which is an example of anabolism?

A. Glycogen → Glucose

B. Amino acids → Proteins

C. Triglycerides → Fatty acids

D. Glucose → Pyruvate

B

Glucose molecules combine to form:

A. Cellulose

B. Starch

C. Glycogen

D. Lactose

C

Fatty acids combine to form:

A. Proteins

B. Triglycerides

C. Glycogen

D. Cholesterol

B

Proteins are synthesized from:

A. Fatty acids

B. Glycerol

C. Glucose

D. Amino acids

D

Excess glucose is primarily stored as glycogen in the:

A. Liver and skeletal muscle

B. Brain and kidneys

C. Heart and lungs

D. Pancreas and spleen

A

Which molecule is produced when glycogen is broken down?

A. Protein

B. Glucose

C. Fatty acids

D. ATP

B

Triglycerides are broken into:

A. Amino acids

B. Monosaccharides

C. Fatty acids and glycerol

D. Pyruvate

C

Proteins are broken down into:

A. Fatty acids

B. Amino acids

C. Glucose

D. Lactate

B

Which statement is TRUE?

A. Catabolism builds proteins.

B. Anabolism breaks glycogen down.

C. Hydrolysis is part of anabolism.

D. Catabolism releases smaller molecules from larger ones.

D

Stage 1 of metabolism occurs mainly in the:

A. Liver

B. Mitochondria

C. Gastrointestinal tract

D. Cytoplasm

C

Before nutrients can be absorbed, they must first become:

A. ATP

B. Monomers

C. Glycogen

D. Acetyl-CoA

B

Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed as:

A. Glycogen

B. Polysaccharides

C. Monosaccharides

D. Disaccharides

C

Proteins are absorbed as:

A. Peptides

B. Amino acids

C. Triglycerides

D. Glucose

B

Fats are absorbed primarily as:

A. Glycogen

B. Proteins

C. Fatty acids and glycerol

D. Pyruvate

C

Glycolysis occurs in the:

A. Mitochondria

B. Cytoplasm

C. Nucleus

D. Ribosome

B

The starting molecule for glycolysis is:

A. Glycogen

B. Pyruvate

C. Acetyl-CoA

D. Glucose

D

The final product of glycolysis is:

A. ATP

B. Acetyl-CoA

C. Pyruvate

D. Lactate

C

Net ATP produced during glycolysis:

A. 2 ATP

B. 4 ATP

C. 28 ATP

D. 32 ATP

A

Immediately after glycolysis, pyruvate is converted into:

A. NADH

B. Acetyl-CoA

C. Glycogen

D. Carbon dioxide

B

The Krebs cycle occurs in the:

A. Cytoplasm

B. Endoplasmic reticulum

C. Mitochondria

D. Nucleus

C

Another name for the Krebs cycle is:

A. Glycolysis

B. Citric Acid Cycle

C. Calvin Cycle

D. Cori Cycle

B

The molecule entering the Krebs cycle is:

A. Glucose

B. Glycogen

C. Acetyl-CoA

D. Pyruvate

C

A waste product of the Krebs cycle is:

A. Oxygen

B. Carbon dioxide

C. Water

D. Glucose

B

Direct ATP produced during the Krebs cycle:

A. 2 ATP

B. 4 ATP

C. 10 ATP

D. 28 ATP

A

The electron transport chain occurs in the:

A. Cytoplasm

B. Mitochondria

C. Golgi apparatus

D. Lysosome

B

Which pathway produces the MOST ATP?

A. Krebs Cycle

B. Glycolysis

C. Electron Transport Chain

D. Digestion

C

Approximately how many ATP are produced by the electron transport chain?

A. 2

B. 6

C. 10

D. 28

D

The total ATP yield from one glucose molecule is approximately:

A. 10

B. 18

C. 30–32

D. 50

C

Which sequence is correct?

A. Krebs → Glycolysis → ETC

B. Glycolysis → Krebs → ETC

C. ETC → Glycolysis → Krebs

D. Krebs → ETC → Glycolysis

B

Which pathway occurs entirely outside the mitochondria?

A. Krebs Cycle

B. Electron Transport Chain

C. Glycolysis

D. Oxidative phosphorylation

C

Which process directly follows glycolysis?

A. Protein synthesis

B. Acetyl-CoA formation

C. Glycogen synthesis

D. ATP hydrolysis

B

Which pairing is CORRECT?

A. Glycolysis — Mitochondria

B. Krebs Cycle — Cytoplasm

C. Electron Transport Chain — Cytoplasm

D. Glycolysis — Cytoplasm

D

A toxin damages mitochondria. Which process is MOST affected?

A. Glycolysis

B. Digestion

C. Electron Transport Chain

D. Hydrolysis

C

A patient cannot perform glycolysis efficiently. ATP production will decrease first in the:

A. Cytoplasm

B. Nucleus

C. Lysosome

D. Golgi

A

A patient has decreased electron transport chain activity. Which is MOST likely?

A. Increased ATP production

B. Greatly reduced ATP production

C. Increased glycogen storage

D. Increased protein synthesis

B

Which statement about ATP production is TRUE?

A. Glycolysis produces the most ATP.

B. Krebs cycle produces the most ATP.

C. Electron transport chain produces the most ATP.

D. Digestion produces ATP.

C

Glucose is first phosphorylated to:

A. Glucose-6-phosphate

B. Fructose

C. Pyruvate

D. Acetyl-CoA

A

Which process is anabolic?

A. Protein → Amino acids

B. Glycogen → Glucose

C. Amino acids → Protein

D. Triglycerides → Fatty acids

C

Which process is catabolic?

A. Glucose → Glycogen

B. Fatty acids → Triglycerides

C. Amino acids → Protein

D. Glycogen → Glucose

D

Hydrolysis is MOST closely associated with:

A. Building molecules

B. Breaking molecules apart

C. DNA replication

D. Cell division

B

Which metabolic pathway begins with glucose?

A. Krebs Cycle

B. Electron Transport Chain

C. Glycolysis

D. Protein synthesis

C

The primary purpose of metabolism is to:

A. Produce hormones only

B. Maintain homeostasis

C. Digest proteins only

D. Eliminate wastes only

B

Which organelle is responsible for producing most ATP?

A. Ribosome

B. Lysosome

C. Mitochondrion

D. Nucleus

C

Which pathway produces only a small amount of ATP but is necessary before the electron transport chain?

A. Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle

B. Digestion

C. Protein synthesis

D. DNA replication

A

Which statement is CORRECT?

A. Glycolysis occurs in mitochondria.

B. The Krebs cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.

C. The electron transport chain occurs in mitochondria and generates most ATP.

D. Hydrolysis builds glycogen.

C