APWH - Time Period 1 REVIEW: 1200-1450

technological innovations of China

magnetic compass, gunpowder, steel production, champa rice cultivation, paper, early printing, acupuncture

scholar-gentry

The Chinese class of well-educated men (passed the civil service exam) from whom many bureaucrats were chosen

filial piety

Respect shown by children for their parents and elders (prominent in Chinese, Confucian society)

Song dynasty

(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military (Golden Age).

civil service exam

In China, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the bureaucracy.

meritocracy

A system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement

Neo-Confucianism

The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. (Song Dynasty)

Japan, Korea, Vietnam

Chinese culture spread most prominently to these 3 countries

Abbasid Caliphate

(750-1258)
The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization, centered in Baghdad. The empire boasted advanced educational and technological achievements as well as spread of Islam through trade to N. Africa, India, and SE Asia

Crusades

(1095-1291)
A call to arms by various Popes for an army of Christian knights to capture the "Holy Lands", or Jerusalem, from the Muslim Turks; total of 4 main crusades

Greatly increased trade between the East and West and re-introduced many ideas and technology lost during the Dark Ages

Sufis

Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions by injecting Islam with local traditions like dancing and chants

House of Wisdom

A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s. Scholars from all over Africa and Asia came to study and share intellectual thoughts and achievements

trade and its impact on religion

The primary way that Islam spread to North Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia

Delhi Sultanate

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi

Khmer Empire

Center of Cambodia. Prospered because of it's successful cultivation of rice

the rise of states in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia were aided by

The development of trade routes and the abundant resources the regions were able to trade

the Arabs

Which group of people controlled most of the Indian Ocean Trade network from 600-1450

Mississippians

First society people located in central North America

Mayan city-states

The Classical Age of American civilization from 250- 900, within each city-state, rulers supplied the leadership—and military force—for great building projects. Leadership passed from one king to the next

Incas

Powerful South American Empire in Peru (1400s- 1532)

sub-Saharan Africa

Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara

Swahili

Bantu language with Arabic words spoken in coastal regions of East Africa

trans-Saharan trade route

Route across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling desert, camels played a huge role in the trading

Indian Ocean trade route

A sea route of trade that connected India, China, the Middle East, and Eastern Africa

Great Zimbabwe

City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state

Ghana and Mali

West African kingdoms that possessed a large source of wealth due to the gold/ salt trade on the Trans-Saharan trade network

Ethiopia

A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa

impact of monsoons

Seasonal winds that brought merchants to ports along the Indian Ocean, forcing them to stay for long periods of time until the winds changed, resulting in an increase of cultural diffusion throughout the Indian Ocean regions

feudalism

A decentralized political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

manorial system

Self sufficient, economic structure that is the relationship b/w the Lord and the peasants or serfs who produced all the necessary goods to keep the manor running

3 field system

The field rotation system of the Middle Ages that kept one field barren per season, increased agricultural production in the late middle ages of Europe

serfs

A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times

factors that led to the Renaissance in Europe

Crusades increasing trade routes and knowledge of more sophisticated civilizations, Black Death ending serfdom, exploration of the seas- America, printing press

humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements

the impact of the Black Death on European society

Killed more that 20 million people, almost one-third of Europe's population. Many believed it was God's punishment to them, and thus led to religious fervor. The loss of population made feudal workers more valuable, which ultimately led to the demise of feudalism

printing press

15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself

the 4 pillars of Washington High School's Circle of Courage

mastery, belonging, independence, and generosity