Studied by 40 people
technological innovations of China
magnetic compass, gunpowder, steel production, champa rice cultivation, paper, early printing, acupuncture
scholar-gentry
The Chinese class of well-educated men (passed the civil service exam) from whom many bureaucrats were chosen
filial piety
Respect shown by children for their parents and elders (prominent in Chinese, Confucian society)
Song dynasty
(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military (Golden Age).
civil service exam
In China, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the bureaucracy.
meritocracy
A system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement
Neo-Confucianism
The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. (Song Dynasty)
Japan, Korea, Vietnam
Chinese culture spread most prominently to these 3 countries
Abbasid Caliphate
(750-1258) The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization, centered in Baghdad. The empire boasted advanced educational and technological achievements as well as spread of Islam through trade to N. Africa, India, and SE Asia
Crusades
(1095-1291) A call to arms by various Popes for an army of Christian knights to capture the "Holy Lands", or Jerusalem, from the Muslim Turks; total of 4 main crusades
Greatly increased trade between the East and West and re-introduced many ideas and technology lost during the Dark Ages
Sufis
Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions by injecting Islam with local traditions like dancing and chants
House of Wisdom
A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s. Scholars from all over Africa and Asia came to study and share intellectual thoughts and achievements
trade and its impact on religion
The primary way that Islam spread to North Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia
Delhi Sultanate
The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controlled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi
Khmer Empire
Center of Cambodia. Prospered because of it's successful cultivation of rice
the rise of states in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia were aided by
The development of trade routes and the abundant resources the regions were able to trade
the Arabs
Which group of people controlled most of the Indian Ocean Trade network from 600-1450
Mississippians
First society people located in central North America
Mayan city-states
The Classical Age of American civilization from 250- 900, within each city-state, rulers supplied the leadership—and military force—for great building projects. Leadership passed from one king to the next
Incas
Powerful South American Empire in Peru (1400s- 1532)
sub-Saharan Africa
Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara
Swahili
Bantu language with Arabic words spoken in coastal regions of East Africa
trans-Saharan trade route
Route across the Sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling desert, camels played a huge role in the trading
Indian Ocean trade route
A sea route of trade that connected India, China, the Middle East, and Eastern Africa
Great Zimbabwe
City, now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe), whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state
Ghana and Mali
West African kingdoms that possessed a large source of wealth due to the gold/ salt trade on the Trans-Saharan trade network
Ethiopia
A Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalibela; retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere in Africa
impact of monsoons
Seasonal winds that brought merchants to ports along the Indian Ocean, forcing them to stay for long periods of time until the winds changed, resulting in an increase of cultural diffusion throughout the Indian Ocean regions
feudalism
A decentralized political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
manorial system
Self sufficient, economic structure that is the relationship b/w the Lord and the peasants or serfs who produced all the necessary goods to keep the manor running
3 field system
The field rotation system of the Middle Ages that kept one field barren per season, increased agricultural production in the late middle ages of Europe
serfs
A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times
factors that led to the Renaissance in Europe
Crusades increasing trade routes and knowledge of more sophisticated civilizations, Black Death ending serfdom, exploration of the seas- America, printing press
humanism
A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
the impact of the Black Death on European society
Killed more that 20 million people, almost one-third of Europe's population. Many believed it was God's punishment to them, and thus led to religious fervor. The loss of population made feudal workers more valuable, which ultimately led to the demise of feudalism
printing press
15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself
the 4 pillars of Washington High School's Circle of Courage
mastery, belonging, independence, and generosity
