Introduction to Information Systems and Society

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the Introduction to Information Systems and Society lecture slides.

Information System (IS)

An integrated system that combines technology, people, and processes to provide the right information to the right people, at the right time, in the right format and amount.

Information Technology (IT)

The hardware, software, networks, and other technological components used to process and store information.

CBIS (Computer-Based Information System)

An information system that uses computer technology to perform tasks, turning data into information and knowledge.

Data

Raw facts and figures that have not yet been processed or interpreted.

Information

Data that has been organized and processed to be meaningful and useful.

Knowledge

Meaning and context derived from information; the understanding that can guide decisions and actions.

Wisdom

Insight and judgement gained from knowledge that informs decision-making.

Difference between IS and IT

IS includes technology, people, and processes; IT is the technology component alone.

Computer-Based Information System (CBIS) components

Hardware, Software, Database, Network, Procedures, and People.

Digital Transformation

A business strategy that leverages IT to dramatically improve relationships, operations, and business models.

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

An integrated system that coordinates all functional areas of an organization; examples include Oracle and SAP.

TPS (Transaction Processing System)

A system that processes day-to-day operational transactions (e.g., Walmart checkout).

Functional Area IS

Information systems that support activities within a specific functional area (e.g., accounting IS, marketing IS).

Decision Support System (DSS)

A system that provides what-if analysis and analytical tools to support decision making.

Expert System

An AI-based system that mimics human expertise to make decisions in a domain.

Dashboards

Executive-level displays that present structured, summarized information.

Supply Chain Management System (SCM)

System that manages the flow of products, services, and information among organizations.

Electronic Commerce System (E-commerce System)

System enabling online transactions and interactions between suppliers, customers, and partners; supports B2B and B2C.

B2B (Business-to-Business)

Electronic commerce between organizations (suppliers and buyers).

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

Electronic commerce between organizations and individual customers.

Intranet

Private network within an organization that uses web technologies.

Extranet

Private network that securely connects external partners to an organization.

Internet

Global network enabling widespread communication and transactions.

What-if Analysis

A DSS technique for exploring the potential effects of hypothetical changes in budgets or decisions.

MIS (Management Information Systems)

An information systems discipline focused on managing and using information systems; traditionally a department, now more consultative.

Traditional MIS Functions

Managing systems development, project management, computer operations, staffing/training, technical services, and infrastructure planning.

New (Consultative) MIS Functions

Initiating and designing strategic IS, integrating Internet/e-commerce, system integration, educating staff, partnering with business units, outsourcing, and seeding IT innovations.

IT's Impact on Organizations

IT can reduce middle management, change managerial roles, create new jobs, affect worker health and safety, enable accessibility, and raise automation concerns.