Introduction to Globalization - Handout 1 (GE2406)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on globalization, education, and healthcare.

Globalization

Worldwide interconnection and interdependence of nations, communities, and economies; includes political interdependence, technical progress, cultural interchange, and economic integration.

Economic Integration

Movement of capital, technology, products, and services across borders; exemplified by global supply networks, multinational firms, and international trade agreements.

Cultural Exchange

Sharing of beliefs, customs, and ideas; exposure to languages, music, art, and cuisines beyond geographical limits; can affect local cultural preservation.

Technological Advancements

Rapid developments in communication (e.g., Internet, social media) and transportation (air travel, shipping) that accelerate globalization.

Political Interdependence

International organizations and agreements formed to handle cross-border issues like trade disputes, terrorism, and climate change.

Human Capital Development

Education and training that equip people with information, skills, and competencies to participate in the global economy.

Language Proficiency

Ability to acquire new languages and communicate across linguistic and cultural divides; multilingualism improves intercultural communication.

Global Citizenship Education

Education that develops empathy, social responsibility, and critical thinking, fostering involvement in international affairs and addressing global issues.

Research and Innovation

Education-driven research that advances science and knowledge; higher education institutions are centers of innovation.

Internationalization of Education

Increased cross-border mobility of researchers and students, collaborative research, and transnational education initiatives.

Inequality in Education

Disparities in access to education within and across nations due to infrastructure, finance, and skilled instructors.

Cultural Homogenization

Risk that globalized education approaches promote cultural sameness, potentially erasing local identities and indigenous knowledge.

Standardization vs. Localization

Balancing global educational benchmarks with adaptation to local settings and cultures.

Digital Divide

Gap between those with access to technology and those without; affects learning opportunities and outcomes.

Skill Mismatch

Discrepancy between skills taught in schools and those demanded by employers due to rapid globalization.

Privatization and Commercialization of Education

Growth of for-profit schools, standardized testing firms, and edtech providers; potential impact on quality and equity.

Brain Drain

Migration of highly educated individuals from their home country to other nations, potentially worsening local skill shortages.

Language Barriers

Challenges from multilingual contexts; dominant languages can marginalize minority languages.

National Education Crisis in the Philippines

Systemic problems like inadequate funding, outdated curricula, unequal access, and quality gaps hindering nationwide education.

Access to Medical Technologies

Greater availability of medical technologies and innovations through globalization, including telemedicine and imaging.

Health Tourism and Cross-Border Healthcare

Patients traveling abroad for medical care; emergence of international hospitals and medical tourism.

Health Inequalities and Global Health Governance

Global disparities in health outcomes and the need for governance to address pandemics, inequities, and commercialization.

Ethical Considerations and Health Equity

Fairness in health access and rights to health; addressing social determinants of health and ensuring universal coverage.

International Financial Institutions (IFIs)

Organizations like the World Bank, IMF, WTO, and Asian Development Bank that provide financial support and development assistance.

Multilateralism

Cooperation among many states and actors in decision-making and governance.

Unilateralism

Actions taken by a single state without broad international support.

Global Commons

Shared resources (atmosphere, oceans, outer space) requiring collective action and governance.

Humanitarian Intervention and Responsibility to Protect (R2P)

Norms and actions to prevent mass atrocities and protect vulnerable populations, balancing sovereignty with humanitarian concerns.

Global Value Chains

International fragmentation of production across countries, enabling specialization and interconnected supply networks.

Trade Liberalization

Removal or reduction of barriers to international trade to promote open exchange of goods and services.