Abdominal Wall - Internal Surface, Layers, and Vasculature

Liver to diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall

What does the falciform ligament connect?

Ligamentum teres

What is another name for the round ligament of the liver?

Umbilical vein

What is the round ligament of the liver (ligamentum teres) a remnant of?

Umbilical arteries

What is found in the medial umbilical fold on the anterior wall of the abdomen?

No (closed after development)

Are the umbilical arteries found in the medial umbilical fold on the anterior wall of the abdomen functional?

Inferior epigastric artery and vein

What is found in the lateral umbilical fold of the anterior wall of the abdomen?

1. External oblique aponeurosis

2. 1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis

3. Rectus abdominis muscles

4. 1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis

5. Transversus abdominis aponeurosis

6. Transversalis fascia

7. Parietal peritoneum

In the abdomen, what are the layers of fascia and rectus abdominis muscle muscle above the arcuate line from superficial to deep, starting below the skin and subcutaneous tissue?

1. 1/2 of internal oblique aponeurosis

2. Transversus abdominis aponeurosis

3. Transversalis fascia

In the abdomen, what are the layers of fascia run posterior to rectus abdominis above the arcuate line from superficial (just behind rectus abdominis) to deep?

1. External oblique aponeurosis

2. Internal oblique aponeurosis

3. Transversus abdominis aponeurosis

4. Rectus abdominis

5. Transversalis fascia

6. Parietal peritoneum

In the abdomen, what are the layers of fascia and rectus abdominis muscle muscle below the arcuate line from superficial to deep, starting below the skin and subcutaneous tissue?

Transversalis fascia

In the abdomen, what are the layers of fascia run posterior to rectus abdominis below the arcuate line from superficial (just behind rectus abdominis) to deep?

below

Abdominal hernias are more common above/below the arcuate line

Superior epigastric artery and musculophrenic artery

What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery?

Internal thoracic artery

What is the superior epigastric artery a branch of?

Epigastric and upper umbilical regions

What does the superior epigastric artery supply?

inferiorly

The superior epigastric artery runs _______________ after branching off the originating artery

Internal thoracic artery

The musculophrenic artery is a branch of what artery?

Diaphragm and hypochondriac regions

What does the musculophrenic artery supply?

laterally

The musculophrenic artery runs _______________ after branching off the originating artery

10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal artery

What are some relevant branches off of the thoracic aorta?

Thoracic aorta

The 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries are branches off of what artery?

Lumbar regions and 10th and 11th intercostal spaces

What do the 10th and 11th posterior intercostal arteries supply?

Azygos vein

What do the right 10th and 11th posterior intercostal veins drain into?

Hemiazygos vein

What do the left 10th and 11th posterior intercostal veins drain into?

Thoracic aorta

What is the subcostal artery a branch of?

Lumbar regions and space under 12th rib

What does the subcostal artery supply?

Azygos vein

The right subcostal vein drains into what?

Hemiazygos vein

The left subcostal vein drains into what?

External iliac artery

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of what?

Hypogastric and inferior umbilical regions

What does the inferior epigastric artery supply?

Femoral artery

What is the superficial epigastric artery a branch of?

Hypogastric and inferior umbilical regions

What does the superficial epigastric artery supply?

External iliac artery

The deep circumflex iliac artery is a branch of what artery?

Right and left inguinal regions

What does the seep circumflex iliac artery supply?

Femoral artery

What is the superficial circumflex iliac arteries a branch of?

Right and left inguinal regions

What does the superficial circumflex iliac artery supply?

Inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac artery

What arteries of the abdominal wall are branches of the external iliac artery?

Superficial epigastric artery and superficial circumflex iliac artery

What arteries of the abdominal wall are branches of the femoral artery?

common iliac arteries

The aorta terminally divides into the...

External and internal iliac arteries

What are the divisions of the common iliac arteries?

Cutaneous veins

What are the tributaries of the paraumbilical veins?

Hepatic portal vein

What do the paraumbilical veins drain into?

Occluded umbilical vein

What do the paraumbilical veins follow?

1. Medially - parasternal lymph nodes to bronchomediastinal trunks

2. Laterally - axillary lymph nodes to subclavian trunk

3. Inferiorly - phrenic lymph nodes to intestinal trunk

What is the flow of lymph above the transumbilical plane?

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes -> lumbar trunk -> thoracic duct -> LVA

What is the flow of lymph below the transumbilical plane?

Deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring

What are the openings of the inguinal canal?

Deep inguinal ring

Opening of inguinal canal within transversalis fascia

Superficial inguinal ring

Opening of inguinal canal within external oblique aponeurosis

Spermatic cord

What travels through the inguinal canal in males?

External oblique aponeurosis

What tissue serves as the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

Folding of external oblique aponeurosis under spermatic cord

What serves as the floor of the inguinal canal?

Inguinal falx

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal referred to as?

Internal oblique and transverse abdominal aponeuroses

What tissue(s) is the inguinal falx formed from?

To produce viable sperm (require lower temperature)

Why do the testes descend?

Process vaginalis

Pocket of peritoneum anterior to testes

8 weeks in utero

When does the process vaginalis typically close off in males?

Tunica vaginalis

What is the part of the process vaginalis that remains anterior to the testes in the scrotum after it is closed off?

Gubernaculum

What is round ligament of the uterus and the ovarian ligament a remnant of?

Ovary to uterus

What does the ovarian ligament connect?

Uterus through inguinal canal to labia majora

What does the round ligament of the uterus connect?

Behind portal triad (bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein) and hepatogastric ligament

Where is the omental (epiploic) foramen located?

Omental bursa behind stomach

What does the omental (epiploic) foramen lead to?

Spleen and left kidney

What does the splenorenal ligament connect?

Close off left side of omental bursa

What does the splenorenal ligament do?