Kines3

The female pelvis is

lighter, thinner, wider in area, with a wider and flatter sacrum

The male pelvis is

heavier, thicker, thinner in area, and the sacrum is thinner and rounded

Coxofemoral Joint

hip joint proper, contains the head of the femur and acetabulum

Sacroiliac Joint

joint of the sacrum and ilium

pubic symphysis

junction between the pubic bones

primary function of the hip joint

to support the weight of the body in static and dynamic postures

the coxofemoral joint is a _______ kinematic chain

predominantly closed

the primary role of the shoulder joint is to

provide stable base for a wide range of mobility for the hand to be superimposed

the glenohumeral joint is a _______ kinematic chain

predominantly open

Iliofemoral Ligament

y-shaped, with the pubofemoral joint

ischiofemoral ligament

resists addiction, hypertension and internal rotation

None of the ligaments in the coxofemoral joint restrict ____

flexion

angle of inclination

happens between frontal plane between axis of femoral head and neck and longitudinal axis of femoral shaft

angle of torsion

happens in transverse plane betwen axis of femoral head and neck and axis through distal femoral condyles

what can effect angle of inclination

trauma, deformity, or congenital deformity

angle of inclination measurements

frontal plane, 115 to 140 degrees

coxa vara

angle of inclination is less than 125 and shortens the limb while increasing stress on femoral neck

coxa valga

angle of inclination is more than 125 while increasing pressure on joint

anteversion

increase in the angle of torsion, toes facing inwards

retroversion

decreases angle of torsion, toes face outward

primary hip flexors

posas major and iliacus

tendons that cross anterior to the hip joint

pectineus, tensor fascia latae, sartorius, rectus femoris

hip extensors

adductor magnus, gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

tendons that cross lateral to the hip joint

recurs femoris, sartorius, tensor fascia latae

tendons that cross medial to the hip joint

adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis, pectineus

muscles that run horizontal to the hip joint that only allow for rotation

obturator internus, obturator externus, quadratus femoris, gemellus inferior, gemellus superior

bones that make up the pelvic girdle

sacrum, coccyx, ilium, ischium, pubis

Joints of the pelvic girdle

sacroiliac, symphasis, lumboscracral

false pelvis

bony area between the iliac crests and is superior to the pelvic inlet. has no pelvic organs

pelvic inlet

a line between the lumbrosacral joint and the superior border of symphasis pubis

true pelvis

lies between pelvic inlet and outlet, makes up the pelvic cavity

pelvic outlet

a line between the tip of the coccyx to the inferior border of the symphysis pubis

open chain kinetic action

the most distal segment is free to move

closed kinetic chain action

the most distal segment is fixed and cannot move

cervical column has __ bones

7

thoracic column has __ bones

12

lumbar column has __ bones

5

cervical spine

supports head, most flexible, wide ROM

thoracic spine

attached to ribs, relatively immobile

lumbar spine

carries weight of upper body, lower back

sacrum

connects spine to pelvis, triangular

primary curvatures

convex posteriorly, retains orientation from fetal position

secondary curvatures

concave posteriorly, retains the orientation from fetal position

bilateral upright stance

line of gravity is anterior to the spine, and the spine is being placed under constant forward bending movement

intervertebral discs

23 total, separates vertebral bodies, fibro-cartilage cushions

nucleus pulposus

inner soft elastic structure, 70-90% water

anulus fibrosus

tough outer fibrous ring, 60-70% water

vertebral end plate

layers of cartilage covering superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies

major shoulder joints

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral

glenoid fossa is the size of

a fingernail

primary stabilizers in shoulder

suprasinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

second stabilizer of shoulder joint

long head of biceps femoris

glenohumeral flexion

pectoralis major, biceps bracii, anterior deltoid, corachobrachialis

glenohumeral extension

gravity is primary mover

glenohumeral adduction

secondary action of the supraspinatus

upward rotation of glenohumeral joint

29 percent

for every ___ of glenohumeral abduction there is 1° of upward rotation in the scapula

2 degrees

100° of glenohumeral abduction

100° - 29°= 71° of actual motion

71°/2=35.5° of upward rotation in the scapula

glenohumeral joint has a ___ surface moving on a fixed ___ meaning

convex moving on a fixed concave, they are traveling in opposite directions

scapular retraction

Lower traps, major and minor rhomboids

scapular protraction

pecteralis minor, serratus anterior, traps, rhomboids

hyperextension in angle of the fossa

past 45°

scapular plane

30 to 45° in front of frontal plane and allows for upward rotation of the scapula